Wang Jueqi, Guan Xue, Tao Ning
School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 May 16;13:1556981. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1556981. eCollection 2025.
Anxiety disorders, depression and schizophrenia are the focus of global mental health attention, resulting in a significant number of disability-adjusted life years and a considerable social and economic burden. It's can affect the socioeconomic landscape as a result of experiencing a global epidemic. And rarely, different Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels and Age-Period-Cohort (APC) have been used to evaluate the prevalence of mental disorders worldwide.
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD) database, this study assessed trends in the incidence and prevalence of anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia in countries with different SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint and periodic cohort (APC) models were used to sort out the effects of age, period and cohort on incidence. Data were categorized into 5-year age groups and 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were calculated to account for data variability.
In countries with different SDI levels, the age-standardized average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the incidence of anxiety were all shown to be increasing, and there were large gender differences between the different SDI levels, with a maximum of 0.97 (0.76-1.18) for females in countries with a high SDI level, Age-standardized more rates per 100,000 people in high SDI countries, from 658.87 in 1990 to 841.56 in 2021, and the largest gender differences in countries with a low to moderate SDI level, with AAPCs for males and females of 0.04 (0.04-0.05), 0.86 (0.63-1.09); for depression, only the countries with medium-high SDI levels were statistically significant compared to the countries with medium-low SDI levels, with AAPCs of 0.05 (0.04-0.07), 0.04 (0.04-0.05); for schizophrenia in addition to the AAPCs of the countries with medium-high SDI levels showed an increase of 0.16 (0.13-0.18); the rest decreased.
This study highlights the current status of global incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and examines the complex interactions between the period of onset and cohort of onset of mental disorders using APC modeling, with differences in gender differences in mental disorders in countries with different SDIs, and significant differences in countries with low to medium SDI levels, requiring further exploration of the mechanisms by which socio-economic development influences gender-specific mental health. Countries with different SDI levels have responded to unique trends within their specific socioeconomic, cultural, and historical contexts, suggesting the need for contextualized public health strategies to effectively respond to and manage the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders in these different settings. Prevalence of mental disorders. This points the way to more in-depth future research on treatments and interventions for mental disorders.
焦虑症、抑郁症和精神分裂症是全球心理健康关注的焦点，导致大量残疾调整生命年以及巨大的社会和经济负担。由于经历全球流行，它会影响社会经济格局。而且很少有研究使用不同的社会人口指数（SDI）水平和年龄-时期-队列（APC）来评估全球精神障碍的患病率。
本研究使用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据库的数据，评估了1990年至2021年不同SDI水平国家中焦虑症、抑郁症和精神分裂症的发病率和患病率趋势。使用Joinpoint和周期性队列（APC）模型来梳理年龄、时期和队列对发病率的影响。数据按5岁年龄组分类，并计算95%不确定性区间（UI）以考虑数据变异性。
在不同SDI水平的国家中，焦虑症发病率的年龄标准化年均百分比变化（AAPC）均呈上升趋势，不同SDI水平之间存在较大性别差异，SDI水平高的国家女性最高为0.97（0.76-1.18），SDI水平高的国家每10万人中年龄标准化发病率更高，从1990年的658.87上升至2021年的841.56，SDI水平低至中等的国家性别差异最大，男性和女性的AAPC分别为0.04（0.04-0.05）、0.86（0.63-1.09）；对于抑郁症，只有SDI水平中高的国家与SDI水平中低的国家相比具有统计学意义，AAPC分别为0.05（0.04-0.07）、0.04（0.04-0.05）；对于精神分裂症，除了SDI水平中高的国家AAPC显示上升0.16（0.13-0.18）外，其余均下降。
本研究突出了全球精神障碍发病率和患病率的现状，并使用APC模型研究了精神障碍发病时期和发病队列之间的复杂相互作用，不同SDI国家精神障碍存在性别差异，SDI水平低至中等的国家差异显著，需要进一步探索社会经济发展影响特定性别人群心理健康的机制。不同SDI水平的国家在其特定的社会经济、文化和历史背景下呈现出独特的趋势，这表明需要因地制宜的公共卫生策略来有效应对和管理这些不同环境中精神障碍的发病率和患病率。精神障碍的患病率。这为未来更深入研究精神障碍的治疗和干预指明了方向。
