成人日间小睡：益处还是风险？孟德尔随机化研究的见解。
Daytime Napping in Adults: Benefits or Risks? Insights from Mendelian Randomization Studies.
作者信息
Gupta Aarohi, Dashti Hassan S
机构信息
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2025;11. doi: 10.1007/s40675-025-00333-z. Epub 2025 Apr 26.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Daytime napping, a brief sleep episode during the day, has mixed health effects. This review explores the relationship between daytime napping frequency and health outcomes by synthesizing results from published Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, which help mitigate confounding and reverse causality commonly observed in traditional epidemiological research.
RECENT FINDINGS
A total of 35 studies spanning seven major disease categories were identified, with cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic outcomes being the most frequently investigated in MR. Of the 89 tested outcomes, 36% of studies suggested increased disease risk with more frequent daytime napping, 54% reported no associations, and 10% suggested decreased disease risk with more frequent daytime napping. Not all MR findings align with existing epidemiological research.
SUMMARY
The current evidence from MR does not provide a definitive conclusion regarding the health effects of daytime napping. Future research should consider additional dimensions of napping beyond frequency and integrate both genetic and non-genetic approaches in diverse populations.
综述目的
白天小睡是指白天的一段短暂睡眠，其对健康的影响好坏参半。本综述通过综合已发表的孟德尔随机化（MR）研究结果，探讨白天小睡频率与健康结局之间的关系，这有助于减轻传统流行病学研究中常见的混杂因素和反向因果关系。
最新发现
共确定了35项涵盖七个主要疾病类别的研究，心血管、神经和代谢结局是MR研究中最常调查的。在89项测试结局中，36%的研究表明白天小睡频率越高疾病风险增加，54%报告无关联，10%表明白天小睡频率越高疾病风险降低。并非所有MR研究结果都与现有流行病学研究一致。
总结
目前来自MR的证据并未就白天小睡对健康的影响得出明确结论。未来的研究应考虑小睡频率之外的其他维度，并在不同人群中整合遗传和非遗传方法。
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