Hastarina Rini, Purnomoadi Agung, Sutopo Sutopo, Lestari Dela Ayu, Mustofa Fatmawati, Gariri Putu Novia, Prahara Pupus Galau, Kamila Firda Tasya, Philco Syaddad Verahry, Da'i Maulida Arkaan Muhammad, Setiaji Asep
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, 50275 Central Java, Indonesia.
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu 94148 Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2025 Apr;18(4):1036-1046. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1036-1046. Epub 2025 Apr 30.
Indonesia is home to a diverse array of native cattle breeds - such as Aceh, Bali, Madura, and Sumba Ongole - that are uniquely adapted to their regional environments and integral to the country's agricultural and cultural heritage. This review synthesizes current research on the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Indonesian native cattle using microsatellite markers, a robust molecular tool for assessing genetic variation. Analysis of multiple studies reveals that geographical isolation, selective breeding, and human-mediated practices have shaped the genetic structure of these populations. Notably, Bali and Madura cattle exhibit distinctive genetic clusters reflecting island isolation and long-standing breeding traditions. Findings also underscore concerns regarding genetic erosion caused by uncontrolled crossbreeding with exotic breeds, which threatens local adaptability and increases the risk of inbreeding. Key genetic parameters - including allele richness, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficients - suggest varying degrees of genetic integrity among the breeds, with several populations showing signs of inbreeding depression. Microsatellite data further demonstrate clear phylogenetic separation among breeds, offering valuable insights for breed identification and conservation planning. The primary strength of this review lies in its comprehensive integration of genetic studies across diverse breeds and islands, providing a national-scale perspective. However, limitations include the underrepresentation of certain breeds and reliance on microsatellite data without integration of high-resolution genomic tools. Future research should incorporate advanced molecular techniques e.g., sngle-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and whole-genome sequencing) and longitudinal monitoring to inform targeted conservation strategies. This review advocates for the incorporation of molecular genetic data into national breeding and conservation programs. Strengthening such initiatives is essential for preserving Indonesia's indigenous cattle as valuable genetic resources for climate-resilient, sustainable livestock production.
印度尼西亚拥有各种各样的本土牛品种，如亚齐牛、巴厘牛、马都拉牛和松巴牛，这些品种独特地适应了当地的环境，并且是该国农业和文化遗产的重要组成部分。本综述综合了目前使用微卫星标记对印度尼西亚本土牛的遗传多样性和系统发育关系的研究，微卫星标记是一种评估遗传变异的强大分子工具。对多项研究的分析表明，地理隔离、选择性育种和人类介导的实践塑造了这些种群的遗传结构。值得注意的是，巴厘牛和马都拉牛表现出独特的遗传簇，反映了岛屿隔离和悠久的育种传统。研究结果还强调了对与外来品种无控制杂交导致的遗传侵蚀的担忧，这威胁到当地的适应性并增加了近亲繁殖的风险。关键的遗传参数，包括等位基因丰富度、杂合度和近亲繁殖系数，表明不同品种之间的遗传完整性程度不同，几个种群显示出近亲繁殖衰退的迹象。微卫星数据进一步证明了不同品种之间明显的系统发育分离，为品种鉴定和保护规划提供了有价值的见解。本综述的主要优势在于全面整合了不同品种和岛屿的遗传研究，提供了国家层面的视角。然而，局限性包括某些品种的代表性不足以及依赖微卫星数据而未整合高分辨率基因组工具。未来的研究应纳入先进的分子技术（例如单核苷酸多态性阵列和全基因组测序）以及纵向监测，以制定有针对性的保护策略。本综述主张将分子遗传数据纳入国家育种和保护计划。加强这些举措对于将印度尼西亚的本土牛作为适应气候变化的可持续畜牧生产的宝贵遗传资源加以保护至关重要。
