Sauerteig-Rolston Madison R
Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Innov Aging. 2025 Apr 4;9(5):igaf024. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igaf024. eCollection 2025.
Influenced by the stress process theory, this study investigated the relationship between chronic stress (measured by exposure and appraisal) and the onset of a disability in later life among White, Black, U.S.-born Hispanic, and foreign-born Hispanic adults.
Using nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study, I used Weibull accelerated failure time models to examine racial, ethnic, and nativity disparities in chronic stress exposure and appraisal and age of onset of disability during the following 8-10 years (i.e., incidence).
Over time, earlier onset of disability was associated with higher levels of stress exposure (β = -0.04) and negative appraisals (β = -0.07). Appraising stress as more upsetting had a detrimental influence on later-life disability for Black adults (occurring 11% earlier), but a protective effect for foreign-born Hispanic adults (occurring 20% later) compared with White adults.
Overall, findings suggest it is important to acknowledge not just the exposure to chronic stressors, but how upsetting these chronic stressors make one feel to reduce racial, ethnic, and nativity disparities in disability.
受应激过程理论影响，本研究调查了白人、黑人、美国出生的西班牙裔和外国出生的西班牙裔成年人中慢性应激（通过暴露和评估来衡量）与晚年残疾发生之间的关系。
利用来自健康与退休研究的具有全国代表性的数据，我使用威布尔加速失效时间模型来检验慢性应激暴露和评估以及接下来8至10年（即发病率）中残疾发病年龄方面的种族、民族和出生地差异。
随着时间推移，残疾的更早发病与更高水平的应激暴露（β = -0.04）和负面评估（β = -0.07）相关。与白人成年人相比，将应激评估为更令人苦恼对黑人成年人的晚年残疾有不利影响（发病提前11%），但对外国出生的西班牙裔成年人有保护作用（发病推迟20%）。
总体而言，研究结果表明，不仅要认识到慢性应激源的暴露，还要认识到这些慢性应激源会让人感觉多么苦恼，这对于减少残疾方面的种族、民族和出生地差异很重要。
