Rush Jonathan, Charles Susan T, Willroth Emily C, Cerino Eric S, Piazza Jennifer R, Almeida David M
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
Ann Behav Med. 2025 Jan 4;59(1). doi: 10.1093/abm/kaae086.
Stress plays a pivotal role in physical health. Although many studies have linked stress reactivity (daily within-person associations between stress exposure and negative affect) to physical health outcomes, we know surprisingly little about how changes in stress reactivity are related to changes in physical health.
The current study examines how change in stress reactivity over 18 years is related to changes in functional health and chronic health conditions.
Three measurement bursts from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N = 2880; 55% female) each included daily measures of stressor exposure and negative affect across 8 consecutive days, yielding 33 944 days of data across 18 years of adulthood. At each wave, participants reported their functional health limitations (ie, basic activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) and chronic health conditions. Multilevel structural equation models simultaneously modeled stress reactivity at Level 1, longitudinal changes in stress reactivity at Level 2, and the association between changes in stress reactivity and changes in functional limitations and chronic conditions at Level 3.
Higher levels of stress reactivity at baseline were associated with more functional health limitations 18 years later (ADLs: Est. = 0.90, P = .001; IADLs: Est. = 1.78, P < .001). Furthermore, individuals who increased more in their stress reactivity across the 18-year period also showed greater increases in their functional health limitations (ADLs: Est. = 4.02, P = .017; IADLs: Est. = 5.74, P < .001) and chronic conditions (Est. = 11.17, P = .008).
These findings highlight the strong connection between health and stress in daily life, and how they travel together across adulthood.
压力对身体健康起着关键作用。尽管许多研究已将压力反应性（压力暴露与负面影响之间的日常个体内关联）与身体健康结果联系起来，但令人惊讶的是，我们对压力反应性的变化如何与身体健康的变化相关知之甚少。
本研究探讨18年间压力反应性的变化如何与功能健康和慢性健康状况的变化相关。
来自“日常经历全国研究”的三次测量（N = 2880；55%为女性），每次均包括连续8天的压力源暴露和负面影响的每日测量，从而产生了成年期18年中33944天的数据。在每一轮测量中，参与者报告他们的功能健康限制（即日常生活基本活动[ADL]和日常生活工具性活动[IADL]）以及慢性健康状况。多水平结构方程模型同时在第1水平对压力反应性进行建模，在第2水平对压力反应性的纵向变化进行建模，并在第3水平对压力反应性变化与功能限制和慢性状况变化之间的关联进行建模。
基线时较高水平的压力反应性与18年后更多的功能健康限制相关（ADL：估计值 = 0.90，P = 0.001；IADL：估计值 = 1.78，P < 0.001）。此外，在18年期间压力反应性增加更多的个体，其功能健康限制（ADL：估计值 = 4.02，P = 0.017；IADL：估计值 = 5.74，P < 0.001）和慢性疾病（估计值 = 11.17，P = 0.008）也有更大幅度的增加。
这些发现突出了日常生活中健康与压力之间的紧密联系，以及它们在整个成年期如何相伴变化。
