A global dataset of experimental agricultural management on soil carbon accrual, its synergies and trade-offs.

Maintaining and enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils is proposed as a key practice to mitigate climate change. While there is agreement on the co-benefits of SOC accrual on other agroecosystem services, its potential trade-offs in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses are still under debate. We present a global dataset compiling the results of 232 articles that experimentally compare the effects of agricultural management practices with a potential to preserve or enhance SOC against conventional practices. The dataset reports 570 experimental effects of practices to minimise soil disturbance, diversify cropping systems, or increase organic inputs in 254 experiments across 38 countries. The dataset further reports the qualitative (positive, neutral or negative) effects of these management practices on SOC accrual, crop yield, and other response variables related to soil structure, soil biota, CO and NO emissions, and nitrogen and phosphorus losses. This dataset helps understanding the synergies and trade-offs of SOC accrual practices with other ecosystem services, detect current knowledge gaps, and guide future agricultural policies.