Zhang Rong, Mei Shihui, He Guangxia, Wei Miaozhan, Chen Lan, Chen Ze, Zhong Yuanqi, Zhou Bijun, Wang Kaigong, Cheng Zhentao, Wang Chunmei, Zhu Erpeng, Chen Chao
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Microbiome. 2025 Jun 2;13(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s40168-025-02138-2.
Distiller's grains (DG), a major by-product of the Chinese Baijiu industry, represent an inexpensive yet high-quality protein raw material. Previous studies have shown that probiotics-fermented distiller's grains (FDG) hold the potential to serve as an effective livestock feed resource. However, the impacts of feeding FDG-based diets on rumen enzyme activities, rumen microbial communities and metabolism in finishing cattle, along with their underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain poorly understood.
After 45 days of feeding FDG diets, rumen enzyme activities increased significantly. Feeding 10% FDG diets increased the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Prevotella_1 and the fungal genera Candida, Mucor, and Scedosporium in the rumen. Conversely, the relative abundances of bacterial genera Veillonellaceae UCG-001 and Candidatus Saccharimonas, as well as fungal genus Talaromyces, were reduced notably in the rumen following FDG diet supplementation. Compared to the FDG-10% group, the FDG-20% group exhibited a higher relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genus Bifidobacterium and the fungal genus Plectosphaerella. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were primarily categorized as benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives, which were significantly enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and taste transduction metabolic pathways. Untargeted lipidomic analysis further demonstrated that feeding 20% FDG diets elevated the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen. Spearman analysis identified the correlations between specific bacterial and fungal genera and rumen enzyme activities, differential metabolites, and lipids.
These results suggest that feeding FDG diets potentially improves rumen enzyme activities and up-regulates the levels of glycerophospholipids in the rumen, which may be associated with the alterations in specific rumen microbiota involved in degrading cellulose. Of these, 20% FDG replacement emerges as a better dose within the range of FDG additions in this study. Video Abstract.
白酒糟（DG）是中国白酒行业的主要副产品，是一种价格低廉但优质的蛋白质原料。先前的研究表明，益生菌发酵白酒糟（FDG）有潜力成为一种有效的家畜饲料资源。然而，以FDG为基础的日粮对育肥牛瘤胃酶活性、瘤胃微生物群落和代谢的影响及其潜在调控机制仍知之甚少。
饲喂FDG日粮45天后，瘤胃酶活性显著提高。饲喂10%FDG日粮增加了瘤胃中细菌属普雷沃氏菌属_1以及真菌属念珠菌属、毛霉属和拟青霉属的相对丰度。相反，补充FDG日粮后，瘤胃中细菌属韦荣氏菌科UCG-001和候选糖单胞菌属以及真菌属塔拉霉菌属的相对丰度显著降低。与FDG-10%组相比，FDG-20%组有益细菌双歧杆菌属和真菌属褶盘菌属的相对丰度更高。非靶向代谢组学分析表明，差异代谢物主要分为苯类、脂质和类脂分子以及有机酸和衍生物，它们在神经活性配体-受体相互作用和味觉转导代谢途径中显著富集。非靶向脂质组学分析进一步表明，饲喂20%FDG日粮可提高瘤胃中甘油磷脂的水平。Spearman分析确定了特定细菌和真菌属与瘤胃酶活性、差异代谢物和脂质之间的相关性。
这些结果表明，饲喂FDG日粮可能会提高瘤胃酶活性并上调瘤胃中甘油磷脂的水平，这可能与参与降解纤维素的特定瘤胃微生物群的变化有关。在本研究的FDG添加范围内，20%的FDG替代量是更好的剂量。视频摘要。
