Luo Xiaofen, Zhang Tiantian, Xu Duhan, Zhu Mingming, Zhang Junjie, Zhang Rong, Hu Qian, Wang Yongxuan, He Guangxia, Chen Ze, Mei Shihui, Zhou Bijun, Wang Kaigong, Chen Chao, Zhu Erpeng, Cheng Zhentao
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Oct 20;10:1238064. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238064. eCollection 2023.
Fermented distiller's grains (FDG)-based diets are nutritious and can improve the growth and intestinal immunity in livestock. However, there is limited research examining the effect of feeding FDG-based diets on changes in intestinal metabolites and related pathways in livestock. In this study, nine Guanling crossbred cattle (Guizhou Guanling Yellow cattle × Simmental cattle) were selected and randomly divided into a basal diet (BD) group and two experimental groups fed with FDG replacing 15% and 30% of the daily ration concentrates (FDG-Case A and FDG-Case B), respectively, with three cattle in each group. Fresh jejunum (J) and cecum (C) tissues were collected for metabolomic analysis. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were explored by means of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Compared with the J-BD group, 30 and 100 differential metabolites (VIP > 1, < 0.05) were obtained in the J-FDG-Case A group and J-FDG-Case B group, respectively, and the J-FDG-Case B vs. J-FDG-Case A comparison revealed 63 significantly differential metabolites, which were mainly divided into superclasses including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, and organic acids and derivatives. Compared with the C-BD, 3 and 26 differential metabolites (VIP > 1, < 0.05) were found in the C-FDG-Case A group and C-FDG-Case B group, respectively, and the C-FDG-Case B vs. C-FDG-Case A comparison revealed 21 significantly different metabolites, which were also mainly divided into superclasses including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, and organic acids and derivatives. A total of 40 metabolic pathways were identified, with a significance threshold set at < 0.05. Among them, 2, 14, and 18 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in the J-FDG-Case A vs. J-BD, J-FDG-Case B vs. J-BD, and J-FDG-Case B vs. J-FDG-Case A comparisons, respectively. Meanwhile, 1, 2, and 3 metabolic pathways were obtained in the C-FDG-Case A vs. C-BD, C-FDG-Case B vs. C-BD, and C-FDG-Case B vs. C-FDG-Case A comparisons, respectively. Furthermore, four significant metabolic pathways, namely insulin resistance, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were significantly enriched in Guanling crossbred cattle fed FDG diets. These results suggest that feeding FDG diets may promote the growth and intestinal immunity of Guanling crossbred cattle by regulating metabolic patterns of lipid compounds and related metabolic pathways. This study sheds light on the potential metabolic regulatory mechanisms of FDG diets and offers some references for their use in livestock feed.
以发酵酒糟（FDG）为基础的日粮营养丰富，能够提高家畜的生长性能和肠道免疫力。然而，关于饲喂基于FDG的日粮对家畜肠道代谢物变化及相关途径影响的研究有限。在本研究中，选取9头关岭杂交牛（贵州关岭黄牛×西门塔尔牛），随机分为基础日粮（BD）组和两个试验组，分别用FDG替代日粮精料的15%和30%（FDG-A组和FDG-B组），每组3头牛。采集新鲜的空肠（J）和盲肠（C）组织进行代谢组学分析。通过单变量和多变量统计分析探索差异代谢物和代谢途径。与J-BD组相比，J-FDG-A组和J-FDG-B组分别获得30种和100种差异代谢物（VIP>1，<0.05），J-FDG-B组与J-FDG-A组比较显示有63种显著差异代谢物，主要分为脂质和类脂分子、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物等超类。与C-BD组相比，C-FDG-A组和C-FDG-B组分别发现3种和26种差异代谢物（VIP>1，<0.05），C-FDG-B组与C-FDG-A组比较显示有21种显著差异代谢物，也主要分为脂质和类脂分子、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物等超类。共鉴定出40条代谢途径，显著性阈值设定为<0.05。其中，J-FDG-A组与J-BD组、J-FDG-B组与J-BD组、J-FDG-B组与J-FDG-A组比较分别有2条、14条和18条代谢途径显著富集。同时，C-FDG-A组与C-BD组、C-FDG-B组与C-BD组、C-FDG-B组与C-FDG-A组比较分别获得1条、2条和3条代谢途径。此外，在饲喂FDG日粮的关岭杂交牛中，胰岛素抵抗、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、亚油酸代谢和初级胆汁酸生物合成这四条显著代谢途径显著富集。这些结果表明，饲喂FDG日粮可能通过调节脂质化合物的代谢模式和相关代谢途径来促进关岭杂交牛的生长和肠道免疫力。本研究揭示了FDG日粮潜在的代谢调控机制，并为其在家畜饲料中的应用提供了一些参考。
