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绿色婚姻：茶碱的催化活性与治愈潜力的结合。

A green marriage: the union of theophylline's catalytic activity and healing potential.

作者信息

Ahad Abdul, Majeed Adnan, Zafar Ayesha, Iqbal Muhammad Adnan, Ali Shahzaib, Batool Muneeba, Rehman Asma, Manzoor Faiza

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan.

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan

出版信息

RSC Adv. 2025 Jun 2;15(23):18338-18357. doi: 10.1039/d4ra08479a. eCollection 2025 May 29.

DOI:10.1039/d4ra08479a
PMID:40458425
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12128057/
Abstract

In recent studies, theophylline has been shown to be a green, effective, and biodegradable catalyst suitable for various multicomponent processes. This review explores theophylline's biological synthesis, catabolism, and advanced extraction methods, demonstrating its versatility. Theophylline is utilized to synthesize metal complexes through innovative methods, including the preparation of imidazolium salts and their conversion into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The therapeutic application of theophylline in the pharmaceutical and medical domains is enhanced by these complexes, which exhibit encouraging potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. It exhibits a high yield and efficiency in organic reactions, particularly in acylation, methylation, and nucleophilic substitution reactions, making it a good fit for industrial processes. The review also discusses potential neurological side effects of theophylline and offers prevention and therapy options. It is recommended for future studies to in-depth elucidate theophylline's properties, effects, and uses for improving industrial operations and treating medical conditions. In this thorough analysis, theophylline's adaptability and potential are highlighted, paving the way for more research and development of its wide range of applications.

摘要

在最近的研究中，茶碱已被证明是一种绿色、有效且可生物降解的催化剂，适用于各种多组分反应过程。本综述探讨了茶碱的生物合成、分解代谢及先进的提取方法，展示了其多功能性。茶碱通过创新方法用于合成金属配合物，包括咪唑盐的制备及其转化为N-杂环卡宾（NHC）配体。这些配合物增强了茶碱在制药和医学领域的治疗应用，它们作为抗菌和抗癌剂展现出令人鼓舞的潜力。它在有机反应中表现出高产率和高效率，特别是在酰化、甲基化和亲核取代反应中，使其非常适合工业生产过程。该综述还讨论了茶碱潜在的神经副作用，并提供了预防和治疗方案。建议未来的研究深入阐明茶碱的性质、作用和用途，以改善工业生产操作和治疗疾病。在这一全面分析中，突出了茶碱的适应性和潜力，为其广泛应用的更多研究和开发铺平了道路。

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