Challenges and insights in morphological identification of species in cattle: a comprehensive study and identification key.

This study aimed to enhance morphological identification of species in cattle of Kashmir through comprehensive analysis of oocyst morphology, body shape index, micropyle presence, dimensions, and sporulation time and prepare a taxonomic key for the identification of in cattle. A total of 1198 faecal samples were collected by per rectal method with 589 (49.2%) testing positive for species. Subsequently, 845 oocysts from various samples were analyzed for shape assessment and measurement of dimensions using micrometry. Nine species were identified based on morphological characteristics, including , , , , , , , , and Additionally, an unidentified species exhibiting morphological similarities to and was discovered, distinguished by a distinct and conspicuous micropyle absent in either species. Emphasis was placed on identifying recurring characteristics within certain oocysts, and a key was formulated to enhance oocyst identification. Our findings contribute to the understanding of species diversity in cattle populations, underscoring the importance of comprehensive morphometric analysis for accurate species identification and epidemiological surveillance. Further research is warranted to elucidate the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of identified species, as well as to refine identification methods and develop effective disease management strategies.