Astrinakis Manolis, Varela Pinelopi, Nanou Christina, Vivilaki Victoria, Deltsidou Anna
Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
General Hospital of Athens 'Alexandra', Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Midwifery. 2025 Jun 2;9. doi: 10.18332/ejm/202215. eCollection 2025.
There is limited research on the impact of music intervention during the non-stress test. More investigation is required on whether and how music impacts non-stress test results and pregnant women's mood. The current study aimed to examine the effect of the non-stress test on pregnant women's anxiety levels and the effect of music on maternal anxiety levels, pregnant women's vital signs, and fetal parameters.
A quasi-experimental study of two phases, involving one group, with a pre-and post-test, was performed at a private maternity and birth preparation center in Greece. Thirty-eight participants completed a scale for anxiety measurement (STAI) during their late third trimester; their vital signs were obtained, and the fetal parameters were recorded during the two phases of the study. During Phase 2, the music intervention, which referred to the exposure of pregnant women to musical stimuli during the non-stress test (NST), was carried out.
Participants' state anxiety with (mean=27.87, SD=4.55) or without music intervention (mean=31.16, SD=7.74) showed a significant score reduction after the completion of the NST (p=0.009), which was significantly greater with the music intervention (p<0.001). Levels of trait anxiety before the NST (mean=39.66, SD=5.44) and after its completion (mean=38.00, SD=5.39) showed a significant score reduction when there was music intervention (p<0.001). At the NST's twelfth minute, participants' systolic blood pressure was significantly lower when there was the music intervention (mean=93.2, SD=16.4 vs mean=99.5, SD=10.7, p=0.030), as well as at twenty minutes (mean=93, SD=8 vs mean=100, SD=9.7, p<0.001). Participants' heart rate did not differ significantly between the examination with music (mean=85.9, SD=10.4) or without music (mean=84.9, SD=11.4) at baseline (p=0.506) or at other periods. Fetal movements increased significantly more in the last ten minutes of the NST compared to the first ten minutes, only when the NST was performed without music intervention (p=0.048). Accelerations were similar regardless of the presence or absence of music in the first ten minutes (p=0.235) and the last ten minutes (p=0.128), but they were increased significantly more in the last ten minutes of the NST compared to the first ten minutes, only when the NST was performed without music intervention (p=0.019).
Maternal anxiety levels decreased following both the music intervention and the completion of the non-stress test. Music affected blood pressure and maintained stable fetal movements and accelerations. The preliminary findings of the present nonrandomized, quasi-experimental study, with one pre- and post-test group, indicate that music may be a potentially available option in midwifery.
关于音乐干预在无应激试验期间的影响的研究有限。需要更多调查来确定音乐是否以及如何影响无应激试验结果和孕妇情绪。本研究旨在探讨无应激试验对孕妇焦虑水平的影响，以及音乐对孕妇焦虑水平、孕妇生命体征和胎儿参数的影响。
在希腊一家私立妇产和分娩准备中心进行了一项分两个阶段的准实验研究，涉及一组，采用前后测试。38名参与者在孕晚期完成了焦虑测量量表（STAI）；在研究的两个阶段获取了她们的生命体征并记录了胎儿参数。在第二阶段，进行了音乐干预，即在无应激试验（NST）期间让孕妇接触音乐刺激。
完成无应激试验后，有音乐干预（均值 = 27.87，标准差 = 4.55）或无音乐干预（均值 = 31.16，标准差 = 7.74）时参与者的状态焦虑得分均显著降低（p = 0.009），有音乐干预时降低幅度更大（p < 0.001）。有音乐干预时，无应激试验前（均值 = 39.66，标准差 = 5.44）和试验完成后（均值 = 38.00，标准差 = 5.39）的特质焦虑水平得分显著降低（p < 0.001）。在无应激试验的第12分钟，有音乐干预时参与者的收缩压显著更低（均值 = 93.2，标准差 = 16.4 对比均值 = 99.5，标准差 = 10.7，p = 0.030），在第20分钟时也是如此（均值 = 93，标准差 = 8 对比均值 = 100，标准差 = 9.7，p < 0.001）。在基线时（p = 0.506）或其他时间段，有音乐（均值 = 85.9，标准差 = 10.4）或无音乐（均值 = 84.9，标准差 = 11.4）检查时参与者的心率无显著差异。仅在无音乐干预进行无应激试验时，无应激试验最后十分钟的胎动比前十分钟显著增加更多（p = 0.048）。无论有无音乐，前十分钟（p = 0.235）和最后十分钟（p = 0.128）的加速情况相似，但仅在无音乐干预进行无应激试验时，无应激试验最后十分钟的加速比前十分钟显著增加更多（p = 0.019）。
音乐干预和完成无应激试验后，孕妇焦虑水平均降低。音乐影响血压并维持胎儿胎动和加速稳定。本项有一个前后测试组的非随机、准实验研究的初步结果表明，音乐可能是助产术中一个潜在可用的选择。
