Hertzog Christopher, Hughes Mackenzie L, Giannotto Emily L, Coblenz Clara W, Flurry Ethan, Curley Taylor, Pearman Ann
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Health Care Evaluation, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2025 Sep;32(5):786-807. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2025.2513413. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
This study evaluated whether the Everyday Memory and Metacognitive Intervention (EMMI) improved everyday memory functioning and subjective memory among older adults. The EMMI uses a metacognitive approach to link awareness of situational cognitive demands to the selection and use of strategies to bypass cognitive constraints and to successfully achieve everyday goals. The randomized controlled trial randomly assigned participants to the EMMI group or an active control group trained in mnemonic strategies for word list memorization. We used an event-based ecological momentary assessment smartphone application to assess self-reported everyday memory failures during everyday life. We also evaluated group differences in pretest to posttest change on objective and subjective measures of memory. An intent-to-treat analysis of the 78 persons randomly assigned to conditions revealed no difference in measures assessed prior to the intervention. The final sample consisted of 30 EMMI participants ( = 75.83, = 4.68) and 32 control group participants ( = 74.94, = 4.38). There were no differences between the groups on everyday memory failures and prospective memory. Both groups showed significant increases in aspects of subjective memory ability from pretest to posttest, with the EMMI group producing greater improvements in memory self-efficacy. The control group differentially improved in associative memory after memory-strategy training. Although EMMI did not show the predicted everyday memory improvements, it still has potential to improve people's everyday functioning by way of improving subjective experiences. Post-pandemic enhancements to the intervention could lead to demonstrable everyday memory successes.
本研究评估了日常记忆与元认知干预（EMMI）是否能改善老年人的日常记忆功能和主观记忆。EMMI采用元认知方法，将对情境认知需求的意识与策略的选择和使用联系起来，以绕过认知限制并成功实现日常目标。这项随机对照试验将参与者随机分配到EMMI组或接受单词列表记忆助记策略训练的积极对照组。我们使用基于事件的生态瞬时评估智能手机应用程序来评估日常生活中自我报告的日常记忆失误。我们还评估了记忆客观和主观测量指标从预测试到后测试变化的组间差异。对随机分配到各条件的78人的意向性分析表明，干预前评估的指标没有差异。最终样本包括30名EMMI参与者（年龄=75.83岁，标准差=4.68）和32名对照组参与者（年龄=74.94岁，标准差=4.38）。两组在日常记忆失误和前瞻性记忆方面没有差异。两组从预测试到后测试在主观记忆能力方面均有显著提高，EMMI组在记忆自我效能方面有更大改善。对照组在记忆策略训练后联想记忆有不同程度的改善。尽管EMMI没有显示出预期的日常记忆改善，但它仍有可能通过改善主观体验来提高人们的日常功能。疫情后对该干预措施的改进可能会带来明显的日常记忆成功。
