中国中部地区变应性鼻炎患者中吸入性变应原的致敏情况：一项为期六年的真实世界研究。

Sensitization profiles of aeroallergens among allergic rhinitis patients in central China: A six-year real-world study.

作者信息

Le Li, Chunhua Luo, Hao Chen, Yin Wang, Jin Liu, Qingxiu Xu, Rongfei Zhu

机构信息

Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Department of Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.

出版信息

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2025 Jun;43(2):178-188. doi: 10.12932/AP-070125-2002.

DOI:10.12932/AP-070125-2002

PMID:40459868

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Environmental changes have led to shifts in allergen sensitization patterns globally.

OBJECTIVE

To assess changes in aeroallergen sensitization profiles among AR patients in Yichang, a city located in central China along the Yangtze River and develop an optimized allergen panel for the diagnosis of AR through specific IgE (sIgE) testing.

METHODS

This retrospective study encompassed all patients with suspected AR who sought care at a university hospital in Yichang between 2018 and 2023 and underwent IgE testing. Demographic and sIgE data were collected.

RESULTS

A total of 11,855 patients were included in the study, with 7,453 (62.88%) testing positive for at least one allergen. The predominant allergen identified was house dust mite (HDM), with sensitization rates of 58.65% for D. pteronyssinus and 58.63% for D. farinae. Notably, sensitization to animal dander showed a significant increase, with cat dander rising from 4.41% in 2018 to 12.50% in 2023, and dog dander from 4.41% to 10.42%. Sensitization rates for various allergens also exhibited fluctuations, with seasonal peaks observed: HDM (summer/autumn), molds (spring/autumn), and Blattella germanica (autumn/winter). A five-allergen panel (HDM, B. germanica, mixed animal dander, mixed molds) identified over 95% of sensitized patients.

CONCLUSIONS

HDM remains the primary allergen among AR patients in this area, with rising sensitization to animal dander. A five-allergen panel effectively detects most sensitized patients.

摘要

背景

环境变化已导致全球范围内过敏原致敏模式的转变。

目的

评估位于中国中部长江沿岸的宜昌市变应性鼻炎（AR）患者的气传过敏原致敏谱变化，并通过特异性IgE（sIgE）检测开发用于AR诊断的优化过敏原组合。

方法

这项回顾性研究纳入了2018年至2023年间在宜昌一家大学医院就诊并接受IgE检测的所有疑似AR患者。收集了人口统计学和sIgE数据。

结果

该研究共纳入11,855例患者，其中7,453例（62.88%）至少对一种过敏原检测呈阳性。确定的主要过敏原是屋尘螨（HDM），粉尘螨致敏率为58.65%，屋尘螨致敏率为58.63%。值得注意的是，对动物皮屑的致敏显著增加，猫皮屑从2018年的4.41%升至2023年的12.50%，狗皮屑从4.41%升至10.42%。各种过敏原的致敏率也呈现波动，观察到季节性高峰：HDM（夏季/秋季）、霉菌（春季/秋季）和德国小蠊（秋季/冬季）。一个包含五种过敏原的组合（HDM、德国小蠊、混合动物皮屑、混合霉菌）可识别超过95%的致敏患者。