Larebo Yilma Markos, Anshebo Abebe Alemu, Behera Sujit Kumar, Gopalan Natarajan
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Jun 3;5(6):e0003921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003921. eCollection 2025.
Hepatitis B virus infection poses a significant public health challenge among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, where it is often underdiagnosed and underreported. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals in the Central Ethiopian region. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2023, to March 1, 2024, among 482 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, and data were gathered using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with hepatitis B infection, with significance at p < 0.05. The response rate was 98.8%. Most participants (66.2%) were aged 18-28 years, with a mean age of 28. The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 12.8% (95% CI: 10.1, 16.2). A maternal educational level of diploma and above (AOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.62) and no history of hospital admission (AOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.53) were linked to a lower risk. In contrast, being unable to read and write (AOR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.14, 6.26), having a medium (4-6) or large (≥7) family size (AOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.78) and (AOR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.33, 10.04), respectively, history of traditional delivery care (AOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.84), and history of abortion (AOR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.11) were associated with higher risk. Hepatitis B virus infection remains highly prevalent among pregnant women in the study area. Strengthening family-centered healthcare, improving screening and vaccination coverage, and enhancing community-based awareness and prevention initiatives are essential to reduce the burden of infection.
在撒哈拉以南非洲的孕妇中，包括埃塞俄比亚，乙肝病毒感染构成了重大的公共卫生挑战，在埃塞俄比亚，该感染常常诊断不足且报告不充分。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚中部地区公立医院接受产前护理的孕妇中乙肝病毒感染的血清流行率及相关因素。2023年10月1日至2024年3月1日，采用系统随机抽样法选取482名孕妇进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。采集血样检测乙肝表面抗原，并使用结构化的、由访谈员实施的问卷收集数据。数据录入Epi Data 3.1版本，并使用SPSS 26版本进行分析。逻辑回归分析确定了与乙肝感染相关的因素，p < 0.05时有统计学意义。应答率为98.8%。大多数参与者（66.2%）年龄在18 - 28岁之间，平均年龄为28岁。乙肝病毒感染的总体血清流行率为12.8%（95%可信区间：10.1, 16.2）。母亲学历为大专及以上（比值比：0.23；95%可信区间：0.09, 0.62）以及无住院史（比值比：0.23；95%可信区间：0.10, 0.53）与较低风险相关。相比之下，文盲（比值比：2.67；95%可信区间：1.14, 6.26）、家庭规模为中等（4 - 6人）或较大（≥7人）（比值比分别为：2.34；95%可信区间：1.15, 4.78）和（比值比：3.65；95%可信区间：1.33, 10.04）、传统分娩护理史（比值比：2.46；95%可信区间：1.04, 5.84）以及流产史（比值比：2.90；95%可信区间：1.37, 6.11）与较高风险相关。研究区域内孕妇中的乙肝病毒感染仍然非常普遍。加强以家庭为中心的医疗保健服务、提高筛查和疫苗接种覆盖率以及加强基于社区的宣传和预防举措对于减轻感染负担至关重要。
