Aklilu Lemma Institute of pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 26;18(4):e0284646. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284646. eCollection 2023.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the serious public health problems worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Viral hepatitis during pregnancy poses problems like a high risk of maternal complications, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and challenges in the management of drugs. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of HBV infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women who attended public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A multicenter prospective cohort study with a nested case-control was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 in 5 public hospitals with maternal and child health care services in Addis Ababa. Three hundred pregnant women whose screening results for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were positive and another 300 with negative HBsAg were involved. Laboratory test results of blood samples and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software using descriptive and logistic regression analyses.
Of the 12,138 pregnant women who screened for HBsAg as routine antenatal care (ANC), 369 (3.04%) were positive. All of the sociodemographic characteristics did not significantly differ in both the cases and the controls. Body tattooing (AOR = 1.66; 95 CI: 1.008-2.728), multiple sexual partners (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.604-3.901), family history of HBV (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.239-5.547), and sharing sharp materials (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.87-4.87) were factors associated with increased risk of HBV infection.
An intermediate endemicity of HBV infection was detected among pregnant women. Body tattooing, having multiple sexual partners, family history of HBV, and sharing sharp materials were significantly associated with HBV infection. Awareness creation on the mode of transmission and early screening of all pregnant women for HBsAg must be strengthened to minimize and control the spread of the infection.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是全球严重的公共卫生问题之一，也是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。怀孕期间的病毒性肝炎会带来一些问题，例如母亲并发症、母婴传播（MTCT）的风险较高，以及药物管理方面的挑战。本研究旨在确定在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的公立医院就诊的孕妇中 HBV 感染的程度及其相关危险因素。
这是一项 2019 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间在亚的斯亚贝巴有母婴保健服务的 5 家公立医院进行的多中心前瞻性队列研究，嵌套病例对照研究。共纳入 300 名 HBsAg 筛查阳性的孕妇和 300 名 HBsAg 阴性的孕妇。采集血液样本的实验室检测结果和结构问卷数据。采用 SPSS 20 软件进行数据录入和分析，采用描述性和逻辑回归分析。
在作为常规产前保健（ANC）进行的 HBsAg 筛查的 12138 名孕妇中，有 369 名（3.04%）为阳性。病例组和对照组的所有社会人口学特征均无显著差异。纹身（AOR=1.66；95%CI：1.008-2.728）、多个性伴侣（AOR=2.5；95%CI：1.604-3.901）、HBV 家族史（AOR=2.62；95%CI：1.239-5.547）和共用锐器（AOR=3.02；95%CI：1.87-4.87）是与 HBV 感染风险增加相关的因素。
本研究发现孕妇中 HBV 感染呈中度流行。纹身、多个性伴侣、HBV 家族史和共用锐器与 HBV 感染显著相关。必须加强对传播途径的认识，对所有孕妇进行 HBsAg 的早期筛查，以最大限度地减少和控制感染的传播。
