Ahmed Eslam, Batbekh Belgutei, Gaafar Abeer, Taniguchi Masahiro, Nishida Takehiro
Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, 080-8555, Obihiro, Japan.
Department of Animal Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 3;15(1):19403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99934-5.
The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of utilizing insects-spent silkworm pupae, either fed naturally on mulberry leaves (SW-N) or on an artificial diet (SW-A), as well as housefly larvae (HF-L) and pupae (HF-P) reared on swine manure-as alternative feeds to replace soybean meal in ruminant diet (60% grass: 40% soybean meal) at inclusion levels of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. This study assessed their nutritional value and investigated their effects on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation profile, and methane (CH) production using an in vitro batch culture technique. The results showed that the tested insects had higher protein and fat contents than soybean meal. Fatty acid analysis revealed that SW-N and SW-A were rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70.9% and 60.6%, respectively), whereas HF-L and HF-P contained 52.4% and 51.4%, respectively. The inclusion of SW-N and SW-A at levels up to 40% in the diet had no negative effects on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, increased ammonia-nitrogen concentration and nutrient digestibility, and decreased CH production by 20%. Although HF-L and HF-P supplementation reduced CH production by up to 25%, their inclusion at levels exceeding 10% inhibited rumen fermentation. In conclusion, SW-N and SW-A can effectively replace soybean meal in ruminant diets; while the inclusion of HF-L or HF-P at levels exceeding 10% is not recommended. These insects represent a promising strategy for sustainable feed development with CH-reduction potential.
本研究旨在评估利用昆虫——以桑叶自然饲养的家蚕蛹（SW-N）、以人工饲料饲养的家蚕蛹（SW-A）、以猪粪饲养的家蝇幼虫（HF-L）和家蝇蛹（HF-P）——作为反刍动物日粮（60%青草：40%豆粕）中豆粕替代物的效率，替代水平分别为5%、10%、20%和40%。本研究评估了它们的营养价值，并使用体外批次培养技术研究了它们对养分消化率、瘤胃发酵概况和甲烷（CH）产生的影响。结果表明，所测试的昆虫蛋白质和脂肪含量高于豆粕。脂肪酸分析显示，SW-N和SW-A富含不饱和脂肪酸（分别为70.9%和60.6%），而HF-L和HF-P分别含有52.4%和51.4%。日粮中添加高达40%的SW-N和SW-A对挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）产生没有负面影响，提高了氨氮浓度和养分消化率，并使CH产生减少了20%。虽然添加HF-L和HF-P可使CH产生减少高达25%，但添加水平超过10%会抑制瘤胃发酵。总之，SW-N和SW-A可以有效替代反刍动物日粮中的豆粕；而不建议添加水平超过10%的HF-L或HF-P。这些昆虫是具有减少CH潜力的可持续饲料开发的一个有前景的策略。
