Diamant Irene, Kalfon Hakhmigari Maor
Academic College Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Yaffo, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2025 May 20;16:1565639. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1565639. eCollection 2025.
Disruptions in the temporal experience-such as subjective sense of time being long, short or distant compared to "objective" time-have been found in the context of extreme emotional events. This research, conducted a month after the start of the war in Israel, aimed to identify characteristics of temporal experience among a population facing ongoing crisis conditions, and to examine their relationship to emotional distress and burnout. Based on Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources Theory it was hypothesized that temporal disorientation is essentially the loss of a vital psychological-functional resource, and its intensity would be related to emotional distress and burnout during the war period.
The study involved 374 participants, recruited using a snowball sampling technique. They completed an online survey aimed at quantifying Temporal Disorientation, Burnout, Psychological Distress and Work-Family Conflict. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to validate the factor structure of the Hebrew version of Temporal Disorientation questionnaire, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluated correlations among the study variables; Hierarchical linear regression was used to model the outcome variables, emotional distress and burnout.
Temporal confusion and difficulties in future orientation during wartime were significantly associated with emotional distress. The findings also indicate that temporal confusion and difficulties in future orientation were related to a loss of balance in the boundaries between major life roles, work-family conflict, and the development of occupational burnout.
This study contributes an occupational angle to the existing literature on psychological reactions to prolonged crises. Understanding the role of temporal experience during a prolonged crisis can significantly contribute to intervention and prevention measures in the context of the development of mental pathology. Practical implications and study limitations are discussed.
在极端情绪事件的背景下，人们发现时间体验会出现紊乱，例如与“客观”时间相比，主观上感觉时间过得长、短或遥远。这项研究在以色列战争爆发一个月后进行，旨在确定面临持续危机状况的人群的时间体验特征，并研究它们与情绪困扰和倦怠的关系。基于霍夫福尔的资源守恒理论，研究假设时间定向障碍本质上是一种重要心理功能资源的丧失，其强度与战争期间的情绪困扰和倦怠有关。
该研究涉及374名参与者，采用滚雪球抽样技术招募。他们完成了一项在线调查，旨在量化时间定向障碍、倦怠、心理困扰和工作家庭冲突。主成分分析（PCA）用于验证希伯来语版时间定向问卷的因子结构，皮尔逊相关系数用于评估研究变量之间的相关性；分层线性回归用于对结果变量情绪困扰和倦怠进行建模。
战时的时间混乱和未来定向困难与情绪困扰显著相关。研究结果还表明，时间混乱和未来定向困难与主要生活角色之间界限的失衡、工作家庭冲突以及职业倦怠的发展有关。
本研究为现有关于长期危机心理反应的文献增添了一个职业视角。了解长期危机期间时间体验的作用，可为精神病理学发展背景下的干预和预防措施做出重大贡献。文中讨论了实际意义和研究局限性。
