Moaaz Eman M, Fayed Ahmed S, Abdel-Moety Ezzat M, Rezk Mamdouh R
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street ET-11562 Cairo Egypt
RSC Adv. 2025 Jun 3;15(23):18475-18489. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02850g. eCollection 2025 May 29.
Ion-selective sensors are widely employed in various pharmaceutical, environmental, and biological analytical applications due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response times. They suffer from some challenges though. These challenges may arise from the selective sensing process that can be hindered by interference from ions with similar charges or suitable lipophilicity. Solid contact type due to water layer formation between the sensing surfaces may also appear as an obstacle. This work is dedicated to overcoming the selectivity issue using the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) approach to determine Donepezil (DON) and Memantine (MEM) in their combined pharmaceutical formulation. Precipitation polymerization approach was employed for the preparation of the MIP for each drug. The resulting MIPs were thoroughly examined using various characterization methods. The potential response of the proposed sensors was stabilized by applying graphene nanoplatelets as an ion-to-electron transducer layer. This layer prevented the formation of the water layer, improved the responses, and enhanced charge transfer. Two sensors featuring different cationic exchangers were designed for the selective determination of donepezil, for which one sensor was developed for memantine analysis by adding the corresponding MIPs to the membrane components. The achieved detection limits were 5.01 × 10 M & 4.47 × 10 M for DON and 2.24 × 10 M for MEM, with slope values of 56.77 mV per decade, 56.91 mV per decade, and 55.87 mV per decade, respectively. Each sensor was successfully employed for the selective determination of its corresponding drug in the combined formulations and spiked human plasma samples without interference.
离子选择性传感器因其简单性、成本效益和快速响应时间而广泛应用于各种制药、环境和生物分析应用中。然而，它们也面临一些挑战。这些挑战可能源于选择性传感过程，该过程可能会受到具有相似电荷或合适亲脂性的离子干扰的阻碍。由于传感表面之间形成水层，固体接触型也可能成为一个障碍。这项工作致力于使用分子印迹聚合物（MIP）方法克服选择性问题，以测定其复方制剂中的多奈哌齐（DON）和美金刚（MEM）。采用沉淀聚合法制备每种药物的MIP。使用各种表征方法对所得的MIP进行了全面检查。通过应用石墨烯纳米片作为离子到电子的换能器层，稳定了所提出传感器的电位响应。该层防止了水层的形成，改善了响应，并增强了电荷转移。设计了两种具有不同阳离子交换剂的传感器用于多奈哌齐的选择性测定，其中一种传感器通过向膜组件中添加相应的MIP来开发用于美金刚分析。DON的检测限为5.01×10⁻⁶ M和4.47×10⁻⁶ M，MEM的检测限为2.24×10⁻⁶ M，斜率值分别为每十倍变化56.77 mV、56.91 mV和55.87 mV。每个传感器都成功用于选择性测定其在复方制剂和加标人血浆样品中的相应药物，且无干扰。
