Antimicrobial resistance: Current challenges and future directions.

BACKGROUND

The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly threatening critically ill patients reliant on these medications. This review explores the challenges of superbugs and AMR in critical care settings and highlights potential solutions.

METHODS

This narrative review used keywords like "antimicrobial resistance" and "superbugs" in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.

RESULTS

The overuse and misprescription of antibiotics contribute to developing superbugs, rendering traditional treatments ineffective in critical care. AMR in critical care leads to increased costs, extended hospital stays, and limited treatment options. Combating AMR requires a multifaceted approach, including antibiotic stewardship, research, and development of novel antibiotics and alternative therapies, and rigorous infection control measures. Public education and collaboration among stakeholders are crucial for effective strategies. Future success hinges on a paradigm shift toward antibiotic stewardship, innovation in antimicrobials, and infection control. Implementing legislation and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are necessary steps. Research gaps exist in understanding environmental factors influencing AMR. New classes of antibiotics, faster diagnostics, and optimized drug combinations are future directions. Global collaboration in research, surveillance, and policy development is paramount.

CONCLUSION

AMR poses a significant threat to critical care. This review emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to protect the effectiveness of critical care interventions. Addressing these challenges and exploring potential solutions can ensure effective treatment for critically ill patients.