Chen Tingting, Jiang Liwen, Tian Min, Cao Bianchuan, Ai Zhongping, Wang Yi, He Yudie, Chen Yanhua, Tang Jian
School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2025 May 30;19:1603-1613. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S527229. eCollection 2025.
Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is beneficial for people living with HIV (PLWH) to achieve the virological suppression and decrease the risk of HIV transmission. However, the implementation of rapid ART varies across the world.
This study aims to understand the influencing factors of rapid start of ART in PLWH in Liangshan Prefecture, where the HIV epidemic is severe and is a key area for HIV prevention and control in China, to provide information for making effective interventions in China and elsewhere.
A phenomenological study with semi-structured in-depth interviews was conducted in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, from April 2024 to May 2024. Data were analyzed by using the Colaizzi's seven-step method.
Participants (n = 27) aged 14-55 were interviewed (14 males and 13 females). Participants initiated ART at a median time of 29 days. 15 participants initiated ART within 30 days of HIV diagnosis, but no one initiated ART within seven days of HIV diagnosis. Three themes and nine sub-themes affecting the rapid start of ART were identified: capacity factors (physical condition, disease knowledge, psychological resilience); opportunity factors (affordability of medicines, policy timeliness, diagnosis disclosure and social support, attitudes of healthcare workers); and motivation factors (family roles, benefit perception of ART).
Influencing factors affecting the rapid initiation of ART in PLWH were complex. Healthcare providers should strengthen the knowledge education from the perspective of PLWH, pay more attention to the psychological changes after they are diagnosed with HIV infection, improve their social support network, alleviate their treatment burden, help them make scientific decisions, and promote the implementation of rapid initiation of ART.
快速启动抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）有利于艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）实现病毒学抑制并降低艾滋病毒传播风险。然而，快速启动抗逆转录病毒疗法的实施情况在世界各地存在差异。
本研究旨在了解四川省凉山州艾滋病毒感染者快速启动抗逆转录病毒疗法的影响因素，该地区艾滋病毒疫情严重，是中国艾滋病防控的重点地区，旨在为中国及其他地区制定有效干预措施提供信息。
2024年4月至2024年5月在中国四川省凉山州进行了一项采用半结构化深入访谈的现象学研究。采用Colaizzi七步法对数据进行分析。
对年龄在14 - 55岁的27名参与者（14名男性和13名女性）进行了访谈。参与者开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的中位时间为29天。15名参与者在艾滋病毒诊断后30天内开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法，但无人在艾滋病毒诊断后7天内开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法。确定了影响抗逆转录病毒疗法快速启动的三个主题和九个子主题：能力因素（身体状况、疾病知识、心理韧性）；机会因素（药品可负担性、政策及时性、诊断披露与社会支持、医护人员态度）；动机因素（家庭角色、对抗逆转录病毒疗法益处的认知）。
影响艾滋病毒感染者快速启动抗逆转录病毒疗法的因素较为复杂。医护人员应从艾滋病毒感染者的角度加强知识教育，更多关注他们被诊断感染艾滋病毒后的心理变化，改善其社会支持网络，减轻其治疗负担，帮助他们做出科学决策，促进抗逆转录病毒疗法快速启动的实施。
