Pei Yangfan, Wang Yihan, Chen Jingxia, Zhou Jing, Han Yuzhu, Liu Xiuyu, Chen Siyu, Chen Sheng, He Dixin, Wu Yunxiao, Lv Huixin, Zhou Yanmin
Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug;12(31):e02299. doi: 10.1002/advs.202502299. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Regenerating bone defects has long been recognized as a significant clinical challenge. Drawing inspiration from the structure and properties of natural bone, bionic nanomaterials have emerged as a focal point in the field of bone tissue engineering. Unlike traditional scaffold materials, these advanced nanomaterials offer a remarkable capacity to replicate the intricate microenvironment of the stem cell niche. This ability facilitates enhanced migration, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, thereby promoting efficient new bone formation. Of particular significance is the application of contemporary nanotechnology, which enables the design of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with precisely tailored nanoscale characteristics. These include properties such as stiffness, pore size and porosity, nanomorphology, curvature, shear stress, viscoelasticity, hydrostatic pressure, and biochemical functionalities. Such customization affords precise control over stem cell behavior, guiding their cultivation or differentiation into desired phenotypes with spatial and temporal precision. Consequently, this approach significantly amplifies the efficacy of bone tissue regeneration. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the design principles and critical requirements for developing bionic nanomaterials as artificial stem cell niches. Furthermore, it consolidates current advancements in the field, examining various types of bionic nanomaterials and biomimetic technologies, alongside their diverse applications in bone tissue engineering.
长期以来，再生骨缺损一直被认为是一项重大的临床挑战。受天然骨结构和特性的启发，仿生纳米材料已成为骨组织工程领域的一个焦点。与传统支架材料不同，这些先进的纳米材料具有显著的能力来复制干细胞微环境的复杂微环境。这种能力促进了干细胞的迁移、增殖和分化增强，从而促进了高效的新骨形成。当代纳米技术的应用尤为重要，它能够设计出具有精确定制纳米级特征的骨组织工程支架。这些特征包括硬度、孔径和孔隙率、纳米形态、曲率、剪切应力、粘弹性、静水压力和生化功能等特性。这种定制能够对干细胞行为进行精确控制，以空间和时间精度引导它们培养或分化为所需的表型。因此，这种方法显著提高了骨组织再生的功效。本文全面概述了将仿生纳米材料开发为人造干细胞微环境的设计原则和关键要求。此外，它整合了该领域的当前进展，研究了各种类型的仿生纳米材料和仿生技术，以及它们在骨组织工程中的不同应用。
