Kelley Jennifer C
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2025 Jun 4;27(1):61. doi: 10.1007/s11883-025-01305-y.
Dyslipidemia can present as early as infancy however the prevalence and long-term outcomes are unclear. There is an unmet need for guidance in the evaluation and treatment approach in these patients. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in infants and toddlers and highlights potential treatment options.
Secondary factors unique to this population including prematurity and reliance on intravenous nutrition play a role in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, though primary genetic causes are also recognized. Severe hypertriglyceridemia poses a risk of acute pancreatitis in an already vulnerable population. Persistent dyslipidemia is a concern for future premature cardiovascular disease. Management of dyslipidemia is dependent on its etiology and severity. Primary and secondary causes should be considered and addressed. Although a variety of therapeutic agents are available in older children and adults, no approved therapies exist at this age, though off-label use of medications may be considered.
血脂异常最早可在婴儿期出现，但其患病率和长期预后尚不清楚。对于这些患者的评估和治疗方法，目前仍缺乏指导。本综述总结了婴幼儿血脂异常的病理生理学，并重点介绍了潜在的治疗选择。
该人群特有的次要因素，包括早产和对静脉营养的依赖，在血脂异常的病理生理学中起作用，尽管也认识到主要的遗传原因。严重的高甘油三酯血症在本就脆弱的人群中会引发急性胰腺炎的风险。持续性血脂异常是未来过早发生心血管疾病的一个问题。血脂异常的管理取决于其病因和严重程度。应考虑并解决原发性和继发性病因。虽然在大龄儿童和成人中有多种治疗药物可用，但这个年龄段尚无获批的疗法，不过可以考虑药物的非标签使用。
