Hettiarachchige Ranuki Onara, Rapoport Mark J, Naglie Gary, Vingilis Evelyn, Seeley Jane, Alizadeh Shahab, Bayat Sayeh
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Jun;21(6):e70340. doi: 10.1002/alz.70340.
Dementia impairs driving skills, but the specific driving behaviors affected are not fully understood. This project reviewed the literature on driving behaviors more common among people with dementia compared to age-matched healthy controls. A search of Scopus, Medline All, and Embase databases (1994 to September 2024) identified relevant studies. Articles were included if they addressed driving behaviors among drivers with dementia during on-road tests, simulator experiments, or naturalistic driving, and included comparisons with non-dementia controls. Of 2359 citations, 26 studies were included: 3 used naturalistic driving, 14 driving simulators, and 9 used on-road tests. Drivers with dementia showed higher standard deviations of mean speeds, more traffic light tickets, greater out-of-lane drifting, and increased variability in mean headway distance compared to controls. Findings highlight distinct driving behavior patterns among drivers with dementia. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations, including small samples, lack of confounding factors, and non-validated settings. HIGHLIGHTS: Drivers with dementia exhibit distinct driving patterns that consistently set them apart from cognitively intact drivers. Compared to age-matched controls, drivers with dementia are more likely to demonstrate greater variability in mean speeds, accumulate more traffic light violations, exhibit higher instances of lane drifting, and show increased variability in mean headway distance. Driving simulators, on-road tests, and naturalistic driving methods have been used to study driving in individuals with dementia, although most evidence comes from simulator studies, which may not fully reflect real-world driving conditions.
痴呆症会损害驾驶技能，但受影响的具体驾驶行为尚未完全明确。本项目回顾了与年龄匹配的健康对照者相比，痴呆症患者中更常见的驾驶行为的相关文献。检索了Scopus、Medline All和Embase数据库（1994年至2024年9月）以确定相关研究。如果文章涉及痴呆症患者在道路测试、模拟器实验或自然驾驶过程中的驾驶行为，并包括与非痴呆症对照者的比较，则纳入研究。在2359条引用文献中，纳入了26项研究：3项采用自然驾驶，14项采用驾驶模拟器，9项采用道路测试。与对照组相比，痴呆症患者的平均速度标准差更高、交通违章罚单更多、车道偏离更大，平均车头时距的变异性也增加。研究结果突出了痴呆症患者独特的驾驶行为模式。然而，由于方法学上的局限性，包括样本量小、缺乏混杂因素以及设置未经验证，这些结果应谨慎解读。要点：痴呆症患者表现出独特的驾驶模式，这使他们始终有别于认知正常的驾驶员。与年龄匹配的对照组相比，痴呆症患者更有可能表现出平均速度的更大变异性、积累更多的交通信号灯违规行为、出现更高频率的车道偏离，以及平均车头时距的变异性增加。驾驶模拟器、道路测试和自然驾驶方法已被用于研究痴呆症患者的驾驶情况，尽管大多数证据来自模拟器研究，而模拟器研究可能无法完全反映现实世界的驾驶条件。
