Dollaghan C
J Speech Hear Res. 1985 Sep;28(3):449-54.
"Fast mapping" (Carey & Bartlett, 1978) is a hypothesized process enabling children to rapidly create lexical representations for the unfamiliar words they encounter. In this study, 35 normal preschool children, ages 2:1-5:11 (years:months), were exposed to a monosyllabic nonsense word and its novel object referent. On first exposure, 91% of the subjects inferred the connection between the novel word and referent. After this single encounter, 81% correctly identified the referent on hearing its label a second time. After hearing the new word twice, 45% were able to produce at least two of its three phonemes in labeling the novel referent. Of those children who did not attempt to label the novel referent, a significant percentage recognized the correct label. In addition, a significant percentage of subjects recalled some nonlinguistic information associated with the referent. Normal preschoolers appear to create fast mappings containing a great deal of linguistic and nonlinguistic information on the basis of even brief, casual encounters with new words.
“快速映射”（凯里和巴特利特，1978年）是一种假设的过程，它使儿童能够为他们遇到的不熟悉单词迅速创建词汇表征。在本研究中，35名年龄在2岁1个月至5岁11个月的正常学龄前儿童接触了一个单音节无意义单词及其新的指代对象。在首次接触时，91%的受试者推断出了新单词与指代对象之间的联系。在这单次接触之后，81%的受试者在第二次听到指代对象的标签时能够正确识别它。在听到新单词两次之后，45%的儿童在给新的指代对象贴标签时能够说出其三个音素中的至少两个。在那些没有尝试给新的指代对象贴标签的儿童中，有相当比例的儿童认出了正确的标签。此外，相当比例的受试者回忆起了与指代对象相关的一些非语言信息。正常的学龄前儿童似乎基于与新单词的哪怕是短暂、随意的接触，就能创建包含大量语言和非语言信息的快速映射。
