Zhou Yongjun, Nie Xinyi, Lin Yixi, Pan Shasha, Cao Ruohong, Zhang Youjie
Department of Child Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
Department of Child Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
Appetite. 2025 Oct 1;214:108170. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108170. Epub 2025 Jun 2.
The increasing prevalence of poor dietary habits among adolescents presents significant health challenges, highlighting the need for effective behavioral interventions. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), though widely used for rational behaviors, falls short in explaining adolescent behaviors due to their limited behavioral control. The Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) proposes social-reactive constructs to explain impulsive behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the enhanced explanatory power of social reactive constructs of PWM on adolescent dietary behaviors, alongside TPB.
The study employed a two-wave cross-sectional design with 638 middle school students. Their status regarding the TPB and PWM constructs was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and their dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to examine the added effects of social reactive constructs beyond TPB.
Integrating the social reaction constructs of the PWM with the TPB constructs enhanced the explanation of adolescents' dietary behaviors. The final model explained 14.7 %, 14.7 %, and 12.1 % of the variances in fruit and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and energy-dense food intake, respectively. Prototype favorability emerged as the strongest factor across all three dietary behaviors (β = 0.42, 0.09, 0.15; all P < 0.01). Behavioral willingness significantly predicted sugar-sweetened beverage intake and energy-dense food intake (β = 0.06, 0.07; all P < 0.01), while intention did not.
Incorporating social reactive constructs into TPB enhanced the explanatory power in predicting adolescent dietary behaviors. This integration offers valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to improve dietary habits among adolescents.
青少年不良饮食习惯的患病率不断上升，带来了重大的健康挑战，凸显了有效行为干预的必要性。计划行为理论（TPB）虽广泛用于解释理性行为，但由于青少年行为控制能力有限，在解释青少年行为方面存在不足。原型意愿模型（PWM）提出了社会反应性结构来解释冲动行为。本研究旨在评估PWM的社会反应性结构与TPB相比，对青少年饮食行为的增强解释力。
本研究采用两波横断面设计，涉及638名中学生。使用自填问卷评估他们在TPB和PWM结构方面的状况，并使用食物频率问卷评估他们的饮食摄入量。应用分层回归分析来检验社会反应性结构在TPB之外的附加效应。
将PWM的社会反应结构与TPB结构相结合，增强了对青少年饮食行为的解释。最终模型分别解释了水果和蔬菜摄入量、含糖饮料摄入量以及能量密集型食物摄入量变异的14.7%、14.7%和12.1%。在所有三种饮食行为中，原型偏好是最强的因素（β = 0.42、0.09、0.15；均P < 0.01）。行为意愿显著预测了含糖饮料摄入量和能量密集型食物摄入量（β = 0.06、0.07；均P < 0.01），而意图则不然。
将社会反应性结构纳入TPB增强了预测青少年饮食行为的解释力。这种整合为设计有针对性的干预措施以改善青少年饮食习惯提供了有价值的见解。
