Santi-Rocca Julien, Martín-García David F, Lorca-Alonso Iván, la González-de la Fuente Sandra, Aguado Begoña, Bonner Mark, Amard Véronique, Amiot Pierre, Bar Charlotte, Berbon Vincent, Berkani Nefissa, Burke Alix, Cartagena Ivonne, Chatard Jean-Michel, Coutayar Céline, Depraz Guillaume, Morales Isabel, Popa Narcisa, Regniers Stéphane, Rissoan Thomas, Robert Catherine, Tremoureux Arnaud, Verdy Marion, Fresno Escudero Manuel, Gironès Pujol Núria
Science and Healthcare for Oral Welfare, Toulouse, France.
Biocomputational Analysis Core Facility (SABio), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Periodontol. 2025 Jul;52(7):983-998. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14138. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
To leverage technological advances to propose a more accurate representation of subgingival microbiota diversity and dynamics across health and disease, 25 years after the seminal and still authoritative contribution of Socransky and his colleagues.
Subgingival plaque from 135 patients (41 healthy, 47 gingivitis, 47 periodontitis) was analysed by V3-V4 16S rRNA sequencing. Sequences were probabilistically assigned to unambiguous taxon groups (UTGs) using advanced bioinformatics. Beyond univariate analyses across health groups, samples were re-classified into microbiota patterns using unsupervised clustering. Bacterial community ordination was performed via correlation analysis.
In total, 394 fully characterized UTGs were detected with a confidence level of at least 98% in all samples, with an average of 157 in each sample and 162 representing more than 95% of the bacteriome. Hierarchical clustering identified 10 UTG complexes, with 1 particularly associated with health (Complex 6) and 1 with disease (Complex 10). Complex 10 corresponded to 29 taxa, among which the three species from Socransky's red complex and additional 8 Treponema UTGs, as well as species from the orange complex. Complex 6 comprised species from Socransky's green, yellow and purple complexes. While gingivitis appeared as an intermediate state between health and periodontitis, k-clustering revealed five microbiota patterns related to disease progression, and with specific contributions of bacterial complexes, evidencing alternative pathophysiological routes.
These 10 new complexes offer an entry point to understanding plaque ecology, beyond the complexity of microbial dynamics in the periodontal microenvironments revealed by the variability within these groups and the existence of 'boundary taxa' linking them. These microbial complexes co-exist in specific microenvironments, and shifts in their relative abundance mark the transition from a healthy microbiota to a diseased microbiota, with intermediary patterns in between. We propose to use these patterns as indicators for the classification of periodontal diseases along a microbial risk scale to complement the current staging and grading system.
在Socransky及其同事做出具有开创性且至今仍具权威性的贡献25年后，利用技术进步，提出一种更准确地呈现健康与疾病状态下龈下微生物群多样性及动态变化的方法。
对135名患者（41名健康者、47名牙龈炎患者、47名牙周炎患者）的龈下菌斑进行V3-V4 16S rRNA测序分析。使用先进的生物信息学方法将序列概率性地分配至明确的分类单元组（UTG）。除了对健康组进行单变量分析外，还使用无监督聚类将样本重新分类为微生物群模式。通过相关性分析进行细菌群落排序。
所有样本中共检测到394个特征完全明确的UTG，置信水平至少为98%，每个样本平均有157个，162个UTG占细菌群落的95%以上。层次聚类识别出10个UTG复合体，其中1个特别与健康相关（复合体6），1个与疾病相关（复合体10）。复合体10对应29个分类单元，其中包括Socransky红色复合体中的3个物种以及另外8个密螺旋体UTG，还有橙色复合体中的物种。复合体6包括Socransky绿色、黄色和紫色复合体中的物种。虽然牙龈炎表现为健康与牙周炎之间的中间状态，但k聚类揭示了与疾病进展相关的五种微生物群模式，以及细菌复合体的特定贡献，证明了不同的病理生理途径。
这10个新复合体为理解菌斑生态学提供了切入点，超越了这些组内变异性以及连接它们的“边界分类单元”的存在所揭示的牙周微环境中微生物动态变化的复杂性。这些微生物复合体在特定微环境中共存，它们相对丰度的变化标志着从健康微生物群向患病微生物群的转变，中间存在过渡模式。我们建议将这些模式用作沿微生物风险尺度对牙周疾病进行分类的指标，以补充当前的分期和分级系统。
