Kakaei Saba, Hassan Najmaldin Ezaldin, Nakhaee Samaneh, Manoochehri Zohreh, Mansouri Borhan, Elahi Adele, Davarinejad Omran, Khazaie Habibolah, Ramazani Zana, Bahrami Maryam
Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
College of Engineering, Civil and Environment Department, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 5;15(1):19713. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04654-5.
Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining both physical and mental well-being. Various biological, environmental, and nutritional factors influence sleep quality, with recent studies focusing on the role of trace elements. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of serum levels of essential trace elements-specifically magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)-on sleep quality among Iranian adults, utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This cross-sectional study involved 99 individuals with sleep disorders who were referred to Farabi Hospital between October 2024 and February 2025. Sleep quality among participants was assessed using the PSQI, while serum levels of essential elements were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study's findings revealed a negative correlation between Fe concentration and total PSQI scores (Beta = - 0.02, 95% CI - 0.03 to 0.00, P = 0.03). Higher levels of Fe were associated with a reduced risk of poor subjective sleep quality (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.971 to 0.995, P = 0.009) and shorter sleep latency (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.972-0.990, P = 0.03). Additionally, an increase in Fe concentration correlated with improved habitual sleep efficiency (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.968 to 0.997, P = 0.02). Using the quantile g-computation model, Fe was identified as the most significant factor influencing the overall PSQI score. Furthermore, the generalized additive model indicated notable non-linear relationships between Co and the global PSQI score (P = 0.02), as well as between Zn and the global PSQI score (P = 0.034). In conclusion, the results highlights that individuals with low serum Fe levels face a considerably higher risk of poor sleep quality. Additionally, Co concentration was found to exert a significant negative effect on the global PSQI score, further pointing to the importance of trace elements in sleep health.
睡眠是维持身心健康所必需的基本生理过程。各种生物、环境和营养因素都会影响睡眠质量，最近的研究聚焦于微量元素的作用。因此，本研究旨在利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），调查伊朗成年人血清中必需微量元素——具体为镁（Mg）、钙（Ca）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）和硒（Se）——的水平对睡眠质量的个体及综合影响。这项横断面研究纳入了99名患有睡眠障碍的个体，他们于2024年10月至2025年2月期间被转诊至法拉比医院。参与者的睡眠质量通过PSQI进行评估，而必需元素的血清水平则通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行分析。研究结果显示，铁浓度与PSQI总分之间呈负相关（β = -0.02，95%置信区间 -0.03至0.00，P = 0.03）。较高的铁水平与主观睡眠质量差的风险降低相关（OR 0.984，95%置信区间0.971至0.995，P = 0.009）以及睡眠潜伏期缩短相关（OR 0.986，95%置信区间0.972 - 0.990，P = 0.03）。此外，铁浓度的增加与习惯性睡眠效率的提高相关（OR 0.984，95%置信区间0.968至0.997，P = 0.02）。使用分位数g计算模型，铁被确定为影响PSQI总分的最显著因素。此外，广义相加模型表明钴与PSQI总分之间存在显著的非线性关系（P = 0.02），锌与PSQI总分之间也存在显著的非线性关系（P = 0.034）。总之，结果表明血清铁水平低的个体面临睡眠质量差的风险要高得多。此外，发现钴浓度对PSQI总分有显著的负面影响，进一步表明微量元素在睡眠健康中的重要性。
