Sanz Yolanda, Cryan John F, Deschasaux-Tanguy Mélanie, Elinav Eran, Lambrecht Rebekka, Veiga Patrick
Microbiome Innovation in Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/s41575-025-01077-5.
The gut microbiome has an undeniable role in mediating the health effects of the diet, given its ability to co-digest nutrients and influence nutrient signalling to multiple organ systems. As a suboptimal diet is a major risk factor for and contributor to disease, understanding the multidirectional interactions between the food we eat, the gut microbiome and the different body organ systems is crucial from a public health perspective. Indeed, this research area is leading to the refinement of nutritional concepts and strategies to optimize health through diet. In this Review, we provide an update on how dietary patterns and food intake shape gut microbiome features, the mode of action of diet-microorganism interactions on the immune, nervous and cardiometabolic systems and how this knowledge could explain the heterogeneity of dietary responses, and support food-based dietary guidelines and medical and precision nutrition. Finally, we discuss the knowledge gaps and research efforts needed to progress towards the integration of microbiome science with more precise dietary advice to leverage the role of nutrition in human health.
鉴于肠道微生物群具有共同消化营养物质并影响向多个器官系统传递营养信号的能力，它在介导饮食对健康的影响方面发挥着不可否认的作用。由于不良饮食是疾病的主要风险因素和成因，从公共卫生角度来看，了解我们所吃的食物、肠道微生物群和不同身体器官系统之间的多向相互作用至关重要。事实上，这一研究领域正在促使营养观念和策略不断完善，以便通过饮食优化健康。在本综述中，我们提供了关于饮食模式和食物摄入如何塑造肠道微生物群特征、饮食与微生物相互作用对免疫、神经和心脏代谢系统的作用方式，以及这些知识如何解释饮食反应的异质性、支持基于食物的饮食指南以及医学和精准营养的最新情况。最后，我们讨论了在将微生物组科学与更精确的饮食建议相结合以充分发挥营养在人类健康中的作用方面取得进展所需填补的知识空白和研究工作。
