APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Nat Metab. 2024 Aug;6(8):1454-1478. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01108-6. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
The prevalence of brain disorders, including stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and conditions with cognitive dysfunction, is rising. Poor dietary habits contribute substantially to this accelerating trend. Conversely, healthy dietary intake supports mood and cognitive performance. Recently, the communication between the microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the brain along the gut-brain axis has gained prominence as a potential tractable target to modulate brain health. The composition and function of the gut microbiota is robustly influenced by dietary factors to alter gut-brain signalling. To reflect this interconnection between diet, gut microbiota and brain functioning, we propose that a diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis exists that underpins health and well-being. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota composition and function and the implications for cognition and emotional functioning. Important diet-induced effects on the gut microbiota for the development, prevention and maintenance of neuropsychiatric disorders are described. The diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an uncharted frontier for brain health diagnostics and therapeutics across the lifespan.
脑疾病的患病率不断上升，包括与压力相关的神经精神疾病和认知功能障碍的疾病。不良的饮食习惯在很大程度上导致了这一加速趋势。相反，健康的饮食摄入有助于情绪和认知表现。最近，胃肠道内微生物与大脑之间沿着肠脑轴的通讯，作为调节大脑健康的潜在可调节靶点受到了关注。饮食因素强烈影响肠道微生物群的组成和功能，从而改变肠脑信号。为了反映饮食、肠道微生物群和大脑功能之间的这种联系，我们提出存在饮食-微生物群-肠-脑轴，它是健康和幸福的基础。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了饮食与肠道微生物群组成和功能之间的相互作用及其对认知和情绪功能的影响。描述了重要的饮食对肠道微生物群的影响，这些影响与神经精神疾病的发展、预防和维持有关。饮食-微生物群-肠-脑轴代表了贯穿整个生命周期的大脑健康诊断和治疗的一个未知领域。
