Gabaran Salar Ghaffari, Ghasemzadeh Navid, Rahnama Maryam, Karatas Erkan, Akbari Ali, Rezaie Jafar
Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat St., Jahad Stop St, P.O. BoX:1138, Urmia, 57147, West Azarbaijan, Iran.
Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Jun 4;23(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02268-y.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, have been extensively discovered for their function in various diseases and potential therapeutic properties. In this review, we aimed to describe the therapeutic roles of functionalized exosomes in cancer and regenerative medicine.
In this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on the application of exosomes in different diseases, as well as on perspectives and challenges in this field.
Recent advancements have shown that exosomes can be used as a drug delivery system. However, this approach faces challenges such as low efficiency and non-targeting effects. Different methods, including genetic, chemical, and physical modifications, are used to functionalize exosome surfaces to address these limitations. In some cases, a combination of modification methods has been used to produce smart exosomes. Different therapeutic agents have been inserted on exosome surfaces by different modification methods. These functionalized exosomes can effectively deliver therapeutic agents to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that functionalized exosomes are promising for cancer therapy and regenerative medicine. They can not only effectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells, inhibiting tumorigenesis, but also efficiently contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by increasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss different modification methods used to functionalize exosomes and related studies. In addition, we describe the application of functionalized exosomes in cancer and regeneration, along with challenges and perspectives.
Although functionalized exosomes show promising results, further studies are essential for the clinical translation of these exosomes.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），如外泌体，因其在各种疾病中的功能和潜在治疗特性而被广泛发现。在本综述中，我们旨在描述功能化外泌体在癌症和再生医学中的治疗作用。
在本综述研究中，我们研究了过去二十年发表的关于外泌体在不同疾病中的应用以及该领域的前景和挑战的众多文章。
最近的进展表明，外泌体可用作药物递送系统。然而，这种方法面临着诸如效率低和非靶向效应等挑战。不同的方法，包括基因、化学和物理修饰，被用于对外泌体表面进行功能化以解决这些限制。在某些情况下，已使用多种修饰方法的组合来产生智能外泌体。通过不同的修饰方法将不同的治疗剂插入外泌体表面。这些功能化外泌体可以有效地将治疗剂递送至靶细胞。越来越多的证据表明，功能化外泌体在癌症治疗和再生医学中具有前景。它们不仅可以有效地将治疗剂递送至癌细胞，抑制肿瘤发生，还可以通过增加细胞增殖和血管生成有效地促进组织修复和再生。在本综述中，我们讨论了用于外泌体功能化的不同修饰方法及相关研究。此外，我们描述了功能化外泌体在癌症和再生中的应用以及挑战和前景。
尽管功能化外泌体显示出有前景的结果，但对这些外泌体进行临床转化的进一步研究至关重要。
