Polyphenol-mediated microbiome modulation in STEMI patients: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION

This study investigates the effects of polyphenol supplementation on gut microbiome composition and cardiovascular health in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

METHODS

Double-blind randomized control trial where participants received either polyphenol supplementation or placebo for 3 months, after which composition of the gut microbiome; clinical and laboratory parameters, including TMAO levels and oxidative stress levels, were assessed.

RESULTS

The stable TMAO levels (from 0.5 [0.2-0.9] to 0.4 [0.3-0.9] μmol, > 0.05) were observed in the polyphenol group, compared to the increase observed in the placebo group (from 0.5 [0.3-0.6] to 0.7 [0.5-1.4] μmol, < 0.001). Polyphenol supplementation significantly decreased the / ratio ( = 0.04) and increased beneficial bacteria such as Roseburia ( = 0.01), sp. ( = 0.004), ( = 0.04) and ( = 0.002). Predicted metabolic pathways analysis supports potential mechanisms linking polyphenol intake to microbiome modulation and TMAO regulation.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrate that polyphenol supplementation maintains stable TMAO levels by restructuring gut microbiome composition in STEMI patients, evidenced by a more focused microbiome with a significant increase in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria ( sp., , and ) and a decreased / ratio, suggesting microbiome-mediated cardioprotective effects. While promising,l our preliminary findings require further studies with larger cohorts and more advanced sequencing methods to establish their significance for cardiovascular health.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrial.gov, identfier: NCT06573892.