Nutrition in CrossFit® - scientific evidence and practical perspectives: a systematic scoping review.

BACKGROUND

CrossFit sessions and competitions are characterized by high-intensity challenges that combine aerobic and anaerobic activities with short recovery periods. As a result, effective nutritional practices play a crucial role in optimizing performance and enhancing recovery. Therefore, nutritional practices are central to optimizing performance and accelerating recovery. This review aims to summarize current evidence on nutritional and ergogenic aid responses to CrossFit practice.

METHODS

The search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus). Gray literature was also extracted for studies exploring the nutritional habits of CrossFit participants as well as the ingestion of ergogenic aids. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine the impacts of dietary habits and ergogenic aids on performance.

RESULTS

Forty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the current review. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommendations for athletes, although protein ingestion remains adequate. High-carbohydrate diets had a positive effect on CrossFit performance. The evidence concerning the effects of a ketogenic diet on performance is limited. When used prior to or during the workout, the impact of carbohydrates on CrossFit performance was negligible, whereas the effect of caffeine was significant. Ergogenic aids, particularly creatine and protein, are commonly used by CrossFit participants.

CONCLUSION

The standard diets recommended to CrossFit participants need to be revised because they are characterized by lower values of carbohydrates. Caffeine should be used prior to or during the CrossFit sessions. Regarding the impact of ergogenic aids on recovery, future studies are needed.