Avraham Guy, Ivry Richard B
Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.
eNeuro. 2025 Jun 26;12(6). doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0132-25.2025. Print 2025 Jun.
Savings refers to the gain in performance upon relearning. In sensorimotor adaptation, savings is tested by having participants adapt to perturbed feedback and, following a washout block during which the system resets to baseline, presenting the same perturbation again. While savings has been observed with these tasks, we have shown that the contribution from implicit adaptation, a process that uses errors to recalibrate the sensorimotor map, is attenuated upon relearning ( Avraham et al., 2021). Here, we test the hypothesis that this attenuation is due to interference arising from the different relationship between the movement and the feedback during washout. Removing the perturbation at the start of the washout block typically results in a salient error signal in the opposite direction to that observed during learning. We first replicated the finding that implicit adaptation is attenuated following a washout period that introduces salient opposite errors. When we eliminated feedback during washout, relearning was no longer attenuated, consistent with the interference hypothesis. Next, we created a scenario in which the perceived errors during washout were not salient, falling within the range of motor noise. Nonetheless, attenuation was still prominent. Inspired by this observation, we tested participants with an extended initial experience with veridical feedback and found that this was sufficient to attenuate adaptation during the first learning block. This effect was context specific and did not generalize to other movements. Taken together, the implicit sensorimotor adaptation system is highly sensitive to memory interference from a recent experience with a discrepant action-outcome contingency.
节省指的是重新学习时表现上的提升。在感觉运动适应中，通过让参与者适应受干扰的反馈来测试节省情况，并且在系统重置为基线的洗脱期之后，再次呈现相同的干扰。虽然在这些任务中观察到了节省，但我们已经表明，隐式适应（一种利用误差重新校准感觉运动图谱的过程）在重新学习时的贡献会减弱（阿夫拉罕等人，2021年）。在此，我们检验这样一个假设，即这种减弱是由于洗脱期运动与反馈之间不同关系所产生的干扰。在洗脱期开始时去除干扰通常会导致一个与学习期间观察到的误差方向相反的显著误差信号。我们首先重复了这样一个发现，即在引入显著相反误差的洗脱期之后，隐式适应会减弱。当我们在洗脱期消除反馈时，重新学习不再减弱，这与干扰假设一致。接下来，我们创建了一种情境，其中洗脱期期间感知到的误差并不显著，落在运动噪声范围内。尽管如此，减弱仍然很明显。受这一观察结果的启发，我们对参与者进行了具有延长的真实反馈初始体验的测试，发现这足以在第一个学习阶段减弱适应。这种效应是情境特定的，并不适用于其他运动。综上所述，隐式感觉运动适应系统对近期具有不一致动作 - 结果偶联的体验所产生的记忆干扰高度敏感。
