Pourová Jana, Dias Patrícia, Pour Milan, Mladěnka Přemysl
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Pflugers Arch. 2025 Jun 6. doi: 10.1007/s00424-025-03096-2.
Cardiovascular function depends on an adequate vascular tone facilitating appropriate blood flow to individual tissues according to their needs. The tone results from the interplay between vasodilatation and vasoconstriction. Its rapid and efficient regulation is secured by many interconnected physiological mechanisms, both at the level of the vascular smooth muscle and the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of physiological vasodilatation. First, two principal intracellular signaling pathways linked to the activation of protein kinases PKA and PKG are introduced. Subsequently, the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factors together with the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization is discussed. The roles of ion channels and gap junctions in the communication between endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells are particularly discussed. Finally, principal vasodilatory stimuli (mechanical, thermal, chemical) and their mechanisms of action are briefly introduced.
心血管功能依赖于适当的血管张力，从而根据各个组织的需求促进向其的适当血流。这种张力源于血管舒张和血管收缩之间的相互作用。其快速而有效的调节由许多相互关联的生理机制保障，这些机制在血管平滑肌和内皮细胞层面均有体现。本综述的目的是提供有关生理性血管舒张机制的当前知识的更新。首先，介绍与蛋白激酶PKA和PKG激活相关的两条主要细胞内信号通路。随后，讨论内皮衍生舒张因子以及内皮依赖性超极化的作用。特别讨论了离子通道和缝隙连接在内皮细胞与血管平滑肌细胞通讯中的作用。最后，简要介绍主要的血管舒张刺激因素（机械、热、化学）及其作用机制。
