Longhi Marielen, Zini Lucas Pandolphi, Pereira Vanessa Bueno, Maurmann Natasha, Pranke Patricia, Santos Venina, Ferreira Jane Zoppas
Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR/PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Processos e Tecnologias (PGEPROTEC), Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2025 Jun;113(6):e37942. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37942.
Metals play a fundamental role in medicine, particularly in the replacement, stabilization, and reinforcement of human body structures, due to their excellent mechanical performance. However, the biocompatibility of these materials is a critical factor, as they must not induce adverse reactions or pathologies when in contact with bodily fluids, which could lead to implant rejection by the host organism. Among the widely used metals, AISI 316-L stainless steel (SS) stands out for its mechanical properties and lower cost but presents limitations related to corrosion in biological environments, leading to the release of nickel and chromium ions, which are harmful to the human body. A promising alternative to mitigate these effects is the use of biocompatible coatings. In this context, the present study aimed to develop and characterize different hybrid films on AISI 316-L SS substrates for medical applications. The coatings were based on the alkoxide precursors 3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)methacrylate (MAP) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), applied via dip-coating and followed by titanium thin film deposition through magnetron sputtering. The results indicated good interaction between the hybrid layer, the titanium thin film, and the substrate. The HF sample, composed of only one silane-based layer, exhibited the lowest surface roughness (16.7 ± 0.6 nm Ra) compared with pure AISI SS (27.3 ± 1 nm Ra), which positively influenced the contact angle, achieving a value of (69.1° ± 0.3°), promoting cell adhesion and osseointegration-key factors for the clinical success of implants. Surfaces coated with titanium for 10 and 20 min (HF_Ti10 and HF_Ti20) on AISI 316-L SS demonstrated contact angles similar to SS (83.4° ± 0.4°), indicating a hydrophilic behavior. Additionally, no cytotoxicity was observed in the coated samples compared with the control group after 14 days in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and HF_Ti10 presented the lowest cytotoxicity. Adherent stem cells were found in all experimental groups. These findings suggest that pre-treatment with silane-based HF, followed by titanium thin film deposition, holds great potential for application in AISI 316-L SS materials in the medical field, contributing to the development of safe and effective implants.
金属在医学中发挥着重要作用，特别是在人体结构的置换、稳定和加固方面，这得益于其出色的机械性能。然而，这些材料的生物相容性是一个关键因素，因为当它们与体液接触时不能引发不良反应或病变，否则可能导致宿主生物体排斥植入物。在广泛使用的金属中，AISI 316-L不锈钢（SS）因其机械性能和较低成本而脱颖而出，但在生物环境中存在与腐蚀相关的局限性，会导致镍和铬离子的释放，而这些离子对人体有害。减轻这些影响的一个有前景的替代方法是使用生物相容性涂层。在此背景下，本研究旨在开发并表征用于医疗应用的AISI 316-L SS基底上的不同混合薄膜。这些涂层基于甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙酯（MAP）和正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）的醇盐前驱体，通过浸涂法施加，随后通过磁控溅射沉积钛薄膜。结果表明混合层、钛薄膜和基底之间有良好的相互作用。仅由一层硅烷基层组成的HF样品与纯AISI SS（27.3±1nm Ra）相比，表现出最低的表面粗糙度（16.7±0.6nm Ra），这对接触角有积极影响，达到了（69.1°±0.3°）的值，促进了细胞粘附和骨整合，而这是植入物临床成功的关键因素。在AISI 316-L SS上涂覆10分钟和20分钟钛的表面（HF_Ti10和HF_Ti20）显示出与SS相似的接触角（83.4°±0.4°），表明具有亲水性。此外，在乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）测定中，与对照组相比，涂覆样品在14天后未观察到细胞毒性，且HF_Ti10表现出最低的细胞毒性。在所有实验组中都发现了贴壁干细胞。这些发现表明，先用基于硅烷的HF进行预处理，然后沉积钛薄膜，在AISI 316-L SS材料在医疗领域的应用中具有巨大潜力，有助于开发安全有效的植入物。
