Zhou Qi, Li Jiayi, Zhu Jiahui, Wang Mingqia, Zhang Zhuokai, Shao Jiamin, Wang Peng, Dong Xuan, Cheng Gangming, Liu Yuan, Shi Chuan
The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2025 Apr 26;46:100997. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100997. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Accumulating evidence has shown that cognitive function among schizophrenia is pervasively impaired and has a connection between immune-inflammatory markers. COVID-19 elicited a series of inflammatory cascades. However, in the context of dual inflammation, fluctuations in cognitive function of schizophrenia in the long-term remain unknown. We aimed to explore the effect of dual inflammation on cognitive domains of schizophrenia patients.
This study included 119 schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 (49 recruited in the acute period and 70 recruited 2 years after recovery) and 114 schizophrenia patients without COVID-19, and 13 immune-inflammatory markers in the acute period were measured. Cognitive function of 119 patients with COVID-19 and 98 patients without COVID-19 were measured with Chinese Brief Cognitive Test (C-BCT) during the recruitment. General linear model was used to compare the immune-inflammatory markers, and correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship of inflammatory levels and cognitive function.
The peripheral immune-inflammatory levels of schizophrenia with COVID-19 were obviously increased ( values < 0.05). All domains of cognitive function of schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 were impaired notably in the acute period (all values < 0.05), while were not worse than that of patients without COVID-19. However, there was no significant correlation between inflammatory markers and domains of cognitive function ( values > 0.05).
This study found that schizophrenia patients with COVID-19 suggested dual inflammation, and cognitive function were impaired under dual inflammation. The cognitive impairment could be reversible in the long-term of recovery of inflammation.
越来越多的证据表明，精神分裂症患者的认知功能普遍受损，且与免疫炎症标志物之间存在关联。新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）引发了一系列炎症级联反应。然而，在双重炎症的背景下，精神分裂症患者认知功能的长期波动情况仍不清楚。我们旨在探讨双重炎症对精神分裂症患者认知领域的影响。
本研究纳入了119例患有COVID-19的精神分裂症患者（急性期招募49例，康复后2年招募70例）和114例未患COVID-19的精神分裂症患者，并在急性期测量了13种免疫炎症标志物。在招募期间，使用中文版简易认知测试（C-BCT）对119例患有COVID-19的患者和98例未患COVID-19的患者进行认知功能测试。采用一般线性模型比较免疫炎症标志物，并进行相关分析以探讨炎症水平与认知功能之间的关系。
患有COVID-19的精神分裂症患者外周免疫炎症水平明显升高（P值<0.05）。患有COVID-19的精神分裂症患者在急性期所有认知功能领域均有显著受损（所有P值<0.05），但并不比未患COVID-19的患者更差。然而，炎症标志物与认知功能领域之间无显著相关性（P值>0.05）。
本研究发现，患有COVID-19的精神分裂症患者存在双重炎症，且在双重炎症下认知功能受损。在炎症恢复的长期过程中，认知障碍可能是可逆的。
