Myszka Małgorzata, Jakubczak Ewa, Mucha Olga, Hajok Kalina, Waśniowska Urszula, Nalepa Anna, Dulak Józef, Łoboda Agnieszka
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2025 Jul;43(1-3):115-137. doi: 10.1089/ars.2024.0702. Epub 2025 Jun 5.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, incurable X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene, leading to a deficiency of the muscle structural protein, dystrophin, which results in damage to skeletal and cardiac muscles. Altered expression of enzymes that generate hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been demonstrated in dystrophic muscles, however, the exact role of this gasotransmitter in DMD remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of the slow-releasing HS donor (GYY4137) on the skeletal muscles of the dystrophin-deficient mice. Grip strength assay and the treadmill exhaustion test showed that administering the GYY4137 donor to mice improved DMD-related decline in motor functions. Additionally, the HS donor decreased the level of muscle damage markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and osteopontin (OPN). Histological, gene, and protein analyses of the dystrophic gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles revealed reduced inflammation and fibrosis after treatment with the HS donor. Moreover, we showed decreased necrosis with improved muscle regeneration and angiogenesis. We demonstrated that GYY4137 upregulates the levels of phosphorylated AMPKα, as well as the cytoprotective and antioxidant heme oxygenase-1, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (). Finally, it exerted an anti-apoptotic effect by reducing cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 and increasing AKT phosphorylation. The administration of GYY4137 improves exercise capacity and ameliorates the markers of inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis in the skeletal muscles of animals pointing out its possible therapeutic use in DMD pathology. 43, 115-137.
杜兴氏肌肉营养不良症(DMD)是一种严重的、无法治愈的X连锁遗传病,由该基因的突变引起,导致肌肉结构蛋白肌营养不良蛋白缺乏,进而损害骨骼肌和心肌。在营养不良的肌肉中已证实产生硫化氢(HS)的酶表达发生改变,然而,这种气体信号分子在DMD中的具体作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们研究了缓释HS供体(GYY4137)对缺乏肌营养不良蛋白的小鼠骨骼肌的影响。握力测定和跑步机耐力测试表明,给小鼠施用GYY4137供体可改善与DMD相关的运动功能下降。此外,HS供体降低了肌肉损伤标志物如乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶和骨桥蛋白(OPN)的水平。对营养不良的腓肠肌和膈肌进行组织学、基因和蛋白质分析发现,用HS供体治疗后炎症和纤维化减少。此外,我们发现坏死减少,肌肉再生和血管生成得到改善。我们证明GYY4137上调磷酸化AMPKα的水平,以及细胞保护和抗氧化血红素加氧酶-1、线粒体超氧化物歧化酶和谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶修饰亚基()的水平。最后,它通过减少裂解的caspase-3和caspase-3并增加AKT磷酸化发挥抗凋亡作用。施用GYY4137可提高运动能力,并改善动物骨骼肌中炎症、纤维化、氧化应激、凋亡和坏死的标志物,指出其在DMD病理学中可能具有治疗用途。43, 115 - 137。
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