Qureshi Ibraheem, Jenkins Ryne, Faccone Robert, Hinnenkamp Glyn, Heffelfinger Matthew, Acampa Daniel, Ruotolo Charles
College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Westbury.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York.
Orthopedics. 2025 Jul-Aug;48(4):223-228. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20250505-01. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
In the 2019/2020 football season, an increase from three to five substitutions was implemented in European football to help players manage a congested match calendar following lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to determine injury rates before and after implementation of five substitutions. Secondary objectives included characteristics and duration of injury and associated risk factors.
A retrospective review of players injured while playing in the first division of the Spanish professional football league (La-Liga) during the 2017/2018, 2018/2019, 2022/2023, and 2023/2024 seasons were identified from an online database, Transfermarkt. Injury- and player-related characteristics, as well as game play before and after the implementation of five substitutions, were studied. Multivariate regression models were used to assess complications, adjusting for age, minutes played, and appearances.
The overall incidence during the study period was 0.76 injuries per player-season. A total of 1,268 injuries were reported prior to the rule change with an incidence of 0.94 injuries per player-season compared to 711 reported injuries with an incidence of 0.57 injuries per player-season after. There were significantly decreased odds of multiple injuries (odds ratio [OR]: 0.68; 95% CI [0.56, 0.82]; <0.001) and muscle injuries (OR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.59, 0.87]; <0.001) after the increase in substitutions.
Implementation of five substitutions was associated with significantly decreased injury rates in LaLiga. Additionally, players had significantly lower odds of sustaining multiple injuries and muscle injuries. [. 2025;48(4):223-228.].
在2019/2020足球赛季，欧洲足球比赛中允许的换人名额从3个增加到了5个，以帮助球员应对因新冠疫情封锁后赛程密集的情况。在本研究中，我们旨在确定实行5个换人名额前后的受伤率。次要目标包括受伤的特征、持续时间及相关风险因素。
从在线数据库Transfermarkt中识别出在2017/2018、2018/2019、2022/2023和2023/2024赛季西班牙职业足球联赛（西甲）甲级联赛中受伤的球员，并进行回顾性分析。研究了受伤和球员相关特征，以及实行5个换人名额前后的比赛情况。使用多变量回归模型评估并发症，并对年龄、上场时间和出场次数进行调整。
研究期间的总体发生率为每名球员赛季0.76次受伤。在规则变更前共报告了1268起受伤事件，每名球员赛季的发生率为0.94次受伤；相比之下，规则变更后报告了711起受伤事件，每名球员赛季的发生率为0.57次受伤。换人增加后，多处受伤（优势比[OR]：0.68；95%置信区间[CI][0.56, 0.82]；<0.001）和肌肉损伤（OR：0.72；95% CI[0.59, 0.87]；<0.001）的几率显著降低。
在西甲实行5个换人名额与受伤率显著降低相关。此外，球员遭受多处受伤和肌肉损伤的几率也显著降低。[. 2025;48(4):223 - 228.]
