Steinbeisser Kathrin, Brembeck Sinia, Anderle Laura, Boldt Christine
Koordinierungsstelle Gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit Bayern, Landeszentrale für Gesundheit in Bayern, Geisenhausenerstraße 18, 81379 München, Deutschland.
Fakultät für Angewandte Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Hochschule Deggendorf (THD), Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 1, 94469 Deggendorf, Deutschland.
Pravent Gesundh. 2023 Mar 15:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11553-023-01025-8.
Older people living in rural areas are at high risk of social isolation and loneliness, as well as their associated health effects (e.g., increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases). To address this increasing public health problem, offers to promote and strengthen social contacts and participation are necessary.
Is there a need for preventive offers regarding social isolation or loneliness, and how can this be met?
A quantitative, descriptive analysis using a paper-pencil questionnaire was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 to analyze (1) the presence of social isolation and loneliness, as well as its risk factors, (2) needs and wants, and (3) the assessment of suitability and interest in offerings to prevent social isolation and loneliness among residents ≥ 65 years in a rural community.
The response rate was 48.9% out of = 331. Various risk factors for social isolation and loneliness (e.g., childlessness, restricted mobility) were present in the study population. Furthermore, almost a fifth did not have any personal contact with people from the public sector within the last 14 days. Over a fifth said they felt lonely "sometimes" or "often". The proposed offerings "worship services, use of church-based measures", "excursions", "informational events on various topics", "joint exercise/sports" and a "support group in which one can offer one's help to other people and/or receive help" were most frequently rated as suitable and interesting.
The results show high demand, needs, and interest in offers which prevent social isolation and loneliness. Services should consider the specific needs (e.g., affordability) and wants (e.g., community actions) of older people.
生活在农村地区的老年人面临社会孤立和孤独的高风险，以及与之相关的健康影响（如全因死亡率增加、心血管疾病）。为解决这一日益严重的公共卫生问题，有必要提供促进和加强社会联系与参与的服务。
是否需要针对社会孤立或孤独的预防服务，以及如何满足这一需求？
2019年12月至2020年1月，采用纸笔问卷进行了定量描述性分析，以分析：（1）社会孤立和孤独的存在情况及其风险因素；（2）需求和愿望；（3）对农村社区65岁及以上居民预防社会孤立和孤独服务的适用性和兴趣评估。
在n = 331人中，应答率为48.9%。研究人群中存在各种社会孤立和孤独的风险因素（如无子女、行动不便）。此外，近五分之一的人在过去14天内没有与公共部门的人进行任何个人接触。超过五分之一的人表示他们“有时”或“经常”感到孤独。“礼拜服务、使用基于教堂的措施”“短途旅行”“各种主题的信息活动”“联合锻炼/运动”以及“一个可以向他人提供帮助和/或获得帮助的支持小组”等提议的服务最常被评为合适且有趣。
结果表明，对预防社会孤立和孤独的服务有很高的需求、需要和兴趣。服务应考虑老年人的具体需求（如可承受性）和愿望（如社区行动）。
