Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Maturitas. 2018 Jul;113:80-84. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.014. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
The extent of social isolation amongst older people has emerged as a major concern for health and social policy. Although the social and health outcomes of social isolation are well documented, evidence regarding the prevention of isolation in later life remains scarce. This article addresses this by presenting the findings from a literature review focusing on the identification, assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies relevant to social isolation in older age. The paper first addresses the issues of identification and assessment, using an ecological framework to identify the risk factors for social isolation at four levels: individual, relationship, community, and societal. It then reviews different types of interventions to reduce or prevent social isolation in later life, including one-to-one, group, service provision, technology-based, neighbourhood, and structural interventions. The paper discusses both the opportunities and the constraints associated with these different approaches. The discussion highlights future directions for research, emphasising the need for a cultural change from 'cure' to 'prevention' of social isolation across the life-course, and the importance of acknowledging greater diversity within the ageing population.
老年人的社交隔离程度已成为健康和社会政策的主要关注点。尽管社交隔离对社会和健康的影响已得到充分记录，但关于预防老年人社交隔离的证据仍然很少。本文通过介绍一项文献综述的结果来解决这一问题，该综述重点关注与老年社交隔离相关的识别、评估、预防和干预策略。本文首先使用生态框架来确定个体、关系、社区和社会四个层面上导致社交隔离的风险因素，从而解决识别和评估问题。然后，本文回顾了不同类型的干预措施，以减少或预防老年人的社交隔离，包括一对一、小组、服务提供、基于技术、邻里和结构干预。本文讨论了这些不同方法的机会和限制。讨论强调了未来研究的方向，强调需要从“治疗”转变为“预防”整个生命过程中的社交隔离，以及承认老龄化人口内更大多样性的重要性。
