Meraj Farheen, Makkar Japneet Kaur
Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi, India.
St. Stephen's Hospital, Delhi, India.
Trends Psychol. 2022 Jun 7:1-40. doi: 10.1007/s43076-022-00196-1.
In response to the coronavirus pandemic, the Government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown of 21 days on May 25, 2020, which was extended thrice to a total of 68 days. Mandatory quarantine could hamper mental well-being, trust in the government, and compliance with guidelines. This study looks in-depth at individual accounts during the lockdown (phase A) and after the "unlock" (lifting of the nationwide lockdown; phase B) using telephonic interviews. Mass job loss and the exodus of migrant workers from major cities highlighted the need to include low-income groups in research; hence, purposive sampling was used. We interviewed 45 participants in phase A and 35 participants in phase B; the latter was drawn from the phase A pool based on availability and willingness. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Analysis revealed four themes of participants' experiences, namely: (1) transitioning from a disrupted normal to a "new normal"; (2) accountability and lack of trust; (3) fear and uncertainty; and (4) perceived lack of control. Within the themes, coping with stressors was observed in six broad categories: (1) distraction, (2) escape/avoidance, (3) positive cognitive restructuring, (4) problem solving, (5) seeking support, and (6) religious coping. Results enabled the drawing of parallels and contrasts between various socioeconomic, religious, and sexual/gender groups and were discussed from the lens of cognitive appraisal theory and coping. The implications of these findings in psychological crisis intervention and policy are discussed, pointing toward the need to allow a collaborative effort and mutual trust to build a resilient society.
为应对新冠疫情,印度政府于2020年5月25日实施了为期21天的全国封锁,后又三次延长,总计达68天。强制隔离可能会影响心理健康、对政府的信任以及对指导方针的遵守情况。本研究通过电话访谈深入考察了封锁期间(A阶段)和“解封”后(全国封锁解除;B阶段)的个人情况。大规模失业和农民工从大城市外流凸显了将低收入群体纳入研究的必要性;因此,采用了立意抽样法。我们在A阶段采访了45名参与者,在B阶段采访了35名参与者;后者是根据可得性和意愿从A阶段的受访者中选取的。使用主题分析法对数据进行了分析。分析揭示了参与者经历的四个主题,即:(1)从被打乱的正常状态过渡到“新常态”;(2)问责与信任缺失;(3)恐惧与不确定性;(4)感知到的缺乏控制感。在这些主题中,应对压力源可分为六大类:(1)分散注意力;(2)逃避/回避;(3)积极认知重构;(4)解决问题;(5)寻求支持;(6)宗教应对。研究结果揭示了不同社会经济、宗教和性/性别群体之间的异同,并从认知评价理论和应对的角度进行了讨论。讨论了这些发现在心理危机干预和政策方面的意义,指出需要通过合作努力和相互信任来建设一个有复原力的社会。