Du Xinyu, Li Yaqing, Jin Ruihe, Wu Yan, Lin Tian
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Environ Int. 2025 Jul;201:109575. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109575. Epub 2025 Jun 2.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high production volume chemicals that encompass diverse CP structural analogues (CPSAs). Nevertheless, little is currently known about the trophic transfer of long-chain CPs (LCCPs) and CPSAs. In this study, the occurrence, homologue patterns, and trophic dynamics of short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and LCCPs (C) were investigated in a typical freshwater lake food web in Shanghai, China. Total CP levels ranged from 490 to 20,000 ng/g lipid weight in biota, dominated by MCCPs. The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs were 1.87, 1.78, and 1.59, respectively. All CP homologues including 19 LCCP homologues (C) exhibited significant trophic magnification potential (TMF > 1). Moreover, six CPSA groups including chlorinated olefins, sulfite esters, aliphatic sulfates, nitrate esters, and fatty acid esters were for the first time positively identified and semi-quantitated in wildlife. The consistent linear correlations between CPSA and CP burdens in biota, along with the similar CPSA homologue patterns found in biota and CP technical mixtures for most CPSA groups (4 out of 6), suggest that these CPSAs primarily originate from the release and bioaccumulation of CPSAs in commercial CP products. Similar to CPs, most identified CPSAs exhibited both biomagnification and trophic magnification potential in the freshwater ecosystem. This study enhances understanding of bioaccumulation characteristics of all the CP groups and their less-known structural analogues.
氯化石蜡（CPs）是产量高的化学品，包含多种CP结构类似物（CPSAs）。然而，目前对于长链CPs（LCCPs）和CPSAs的营养转移了解甚少。在本研究中，对中国上海一个典型淡水湖食物网中的短链（SCCPs）、中链（MCCPs）和长链CPs（C）的存在情况、同系物模式及营养动态进行了研究。生物群中总CP水平在490至20,000纳克/克脂质重量之间，以MCCPs为主。SCCPs、MCCPs和LCCPs的营养放大因子（TMFs）分别为1.87、1.78和1.59。所有CP同系物，包括19种LCCP同系物（C），均表现出显著的营养放大潜力（TMF > 1）。此外，首次在野生动物中阳性鉴定并半定量了包括氯化烯烃、亚硫酸酯、脂肪族硫酸盐、硝酸酯和脂肪酸酯在内的六个CPSA组。生物群中CPSA与CP负荷之间一致的线性相关性，以及大多数CPSA组（6个中的4个）在生物群和CP工业混合物中发现的相似CPSA同系物模式，表明这些CPSAs主要源自商业CP产品中CPSAs的释放和生物积累。与CPs类似，大多数已鉴定的CPSAs在淡水生态系统中既表现出生物放大又表现出营养放大潜力。本研究增进了对所有CP组及其鲜为人知的结构类似物生物积累特征的理解。
