Cao Mengzhu, Deng Wei, Ma Chong-Bo, Bai Jing, Bo Xiangjie, Sun Mimi, Bai Xilin, Zhou Ming
Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China.
ACS Sens. 2025 Jun 27;10(6):4220-4231. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00386. Epub 2025 Jun 7.
Wearable sweat sensors demonstrate significant potential for monitoring sweat biomarkers that contain rich information pertinent to physiological state in a dynamic and noninvasive manner. However, these wearables typically and heavily rely on external wireless smart display terminals (e.g., smartphones and tablet PCs) to visualize monitoring outcomes, which may tremendously limit their convenience and practicality in certain but almost unavoidable scenarios (e.g., carrying and self-checking while running). Here, we present an entirely self-contained electrochromic epidermal patch (ESEEP) for the visualized, simultaneous, and calibrated analysis of multiple sweat metabolites and electrolyte biomarkers. ESEEP consists of a sweat transport module for skin-on sweat sampling and refreshing, a sweat sensing array module for simultaneous and multiplexed sweat analysis, a central control module for signal processing and full system automatic control, and a visualizing array module with a built-in electrochromic display for measurement data display. In volunteers, ESEEP enables simultaneous and real-time tracking of sweat glucose and Na for risk assessment of hypoglycemia and dehydration during physical exercise, which is readily and directly visualized within such wearables. ESEEP with distinctive design and functionality for self-visualized, multiplexed, and skin-on sweat monitoring enables a broad range of tailored physiological and diagnostic monitoring with conspicuously high practicality and convenience.
可穿戴汗液传感器在以动态、无创方式监测含有与生理状态相关丰富信息的汗液生物标志物方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，这些可穿戴设备通常严重依赖外部无线智能显示终端（如智能手机和平板电脑）来可视化监测结果，这在某些但几乎不可避免的场景（如跑步时携带和自我检查）中可能极大地限制其便利性和实用性。在此，我们展示了一种完全独立的电致变色表皮贴片（ESEEP），用于对多种汗液代谢物和电解质生物标志物进行可视化、同步和校准分析。ESEEP由用于皮肤汗液采样和更新的汗液传输模块、用于同步和多重汗液分析的汗液传感阵列模块、用于信号处理和全系统自动控制的中央控制模块以及带有内置电致变色显示器用于测量数据显示的可视化阵列模块组成。在志愿者中，ESEEP能够同时实时跟踪汗液葡萄糖和钠，用于体育锻炼期间低血糖和脱水的风险评估，这些结果可在这类可穿戴设备中轻松直接地可视化。具有独特设计和功能的ESEEP用于自我可视化、多重和皮肤汗液监测，能够实现广泛的定制化生理和诊断监测，具有显著的高实用性和便利性。
