Tiwari Ritu, Gulati Poornima, Raghuvanshi Rajeev Singh
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector, 23, Sanjay Nagar, Ghaziabad, India.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector, 23, Sanjay Nagar, Ghaziabad, India; Pharmacopoial Commission for Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, India.
J Infect Public Health. 2025 Sep;18(9):102839. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102839. Epub 2025 May 23.
Mpox, formerly known as Monkeypox, has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, marked by its unexpected geographic spread and evolving clinical profile. Initially endemic to Central and West Africa, recent outbreaks have underscored its potential for sustained human-to-human transmission, posing challenges to public health systems worldwide.
This paper aims to examine the global epidemiology and impact of Mpox, while also highlighting the responses from regulatory bodies and public health organizations worldwide. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate India's strategic approaches to addressing this issue, identify existing research gaps, and propose future directions to enhance global health preparedness.
A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, WHO reports, and national policy documents was conducted to synthesize current knowledge on Mpox transmission, global and regional responses, and regulatory compliance along with shifting geopolitical landscape and India's potential for expanded global health leadership.
The global response to Mpox has highlighted disparities in surveillance capacity, regulatory readiness, and access to diagnostics and vaccines. While international mechanisms such as the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) facilitated coordinated responses, implementation varied across regions. India's response has demonstrated adaptability through surveillance enhancements, diagnostic scale-up, and alignment with WHO guidelines, although challenges remain in areas such as vaccine availability and risk communication.
Mpox inspires a call for stronger global health governance and resilient national systems. By addressing research gaps in transmission, vaccine development, and regulations, while embracing a One Health approach and promoting regulatory harmonization and equitable resource distribution, we can pave the way for a future that prevents outbreaks and ensures the health security of our global community.
猴痘，以前称为猴天花，已再次成为全球重大卫生问题，其特点是意外的地理传播和不断演变的临床特征。猴痘最初流行于中非和西非，最近的疫情凸显了其持续人传人的可能性，给全球公共卫生系统带来了挑战。
本文旨在研究猴痘的全球流行病学和影响，同时强调全球监管机构和公共卫生组织的应对措施。此外，它还试图评估印度应对这一问题的战略方法，确定现有的研究差距，并提出未来方向，以加强全球卫生防范。
对同行评审文献、世界卫生组织报告和国家政策文件进行了全面审查，以综合关于猴痘传播、全球和区域应对措施以及监管合规情况的现有知识，以及不断变化的地缘政治格局和印度在扩大全球卫生领导地位方面的潜力。
全球对猴痘的应对凸显了监测能力、监管准备情况以及诊断和疫苗获取方面的差异。虽然《国际卫生条例（2005）》等国际机制促进了协调应对，但各地区的实施情况各不相同。印度的应对措施通过加强监测、扩大诊断规模以及与世界卫生组织指南保持一致，展现了适应性，尽管在疫苗供应和风险沟通等领域仍存在挑战。
猴痘促使人们呼吁加强全球卫生治理和建立有韧性的国家体系。通过填补传播、疫苗开发和监管方面的研究空白，同时采用“同一健康”方法，促进监管协调和公平资源分配，我们可以为预防疫情爆发和确保全球社区卫生安全的未来铺平道路。
