坚果摄入、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸摄入量以及遗传学：在EPIC-InterAct和PREDIMED研究中脂肪酸去饱和酶1如何影响血浆脂肪酸和2型糖尿病风险。

Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies.

作者信息

Jäger Susanne, Kuxhaus Olga, Prada Marcela, Huybrechts Inge, Tong Tammy Y N, Forouhi Nita G, Razquin Cristina, Corella Dolores, Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A, Dahm Christina C, Ibsen Daniel B, Tjønneland Anne, Halkjær Jytte, Marques Chloé, Cadeau Claire, Ren Xuan, Katzke Verena, Bendinelli Benedetta, Agnoli Claudia, Catalano Alberto, Farràs Marta, Sánchez Maria-Jose, López María Dolores Chirlaque, Guevara Marcela, Aune Dagfinn, Sharp Stephen J, Wareham Nicholas J, Schulze Matthias B

机构信息

Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.

German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.

出版信息

BMC Med. 2025 Jun 9;23(1):344. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8.

DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8

PMID:40484934

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12147277/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels-reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial.

METHODS

In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1.

RESULTS

In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81-1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78-1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.

摘要

背景

饮食指南建议用不饱和脂肪，尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪酸。队列研究并未表明摄入更多多不饱和脂肪酸有明显益处，但相反，较高的循环亚油酸（LA）水平（反映膳食LA摄入量）与2型糖尿病风险降低相关。然而，脂肪酸去饱和酶1基因（FADS1）的基因变异可能会影响个体对植物性脂肪的反应。我们在一项大规模队列研究和一项随机对照试验中探讨了FADS1变异是否会影响LA和α-亚麻酸（ALA）摄入量以及坚果消费与血浆磷脂脂肪酸谱和2型糖尿病风险之间的关系。

方法

在EPIC-InterAct病例队列（7498例2型糖尿病病例，10087名队列参与者）中，我们使用加权Cox回归研究了膳食和血浆磷脂脂肪酸以及坚果消费与FADS1 rs174547之间的相互作用与2型糖尿病发病的关系。在PREDIMED研究中（地中海饮食+坚果干预组492名参与者，对照组436名参与者），我们比较了从基线到第1年血浆磷脂脂肪酸的变化。

结果

在EPIC-InterAct和PREDIMED研究中，坚果消费与血浆LA水平呈正相关，与花生四烯酸呈负相关，随着rs174547次要等位基因C数量的增加，后者的相关性更强（EPIC-InterAct研究中p相互作用为0.030，PREDIMED研究中为0.003）。在EPIC-InterAct研究中，与CT基因型（0.94，0.81-1.10）或TT基因型（0.90，0.78-1.05）相比，rs174547 CC基因型参与者中坚果消费与糖尿病的负相关似乎更强（HR：0.73，95%CI：0.54-1.00），但这种相互作用无统计学意义。