Wang Ren, Mao Guangzhao, Chu Dewei, Nasiri Noushin, Wang Yuling, Bilek Marcela, Yong Ken-Tye, Wong Wallace, Skafidas Stan, Liu Jefferson Zhe, Kivshar Yuri, Bhaskaran Madhu, Lu Yuerui, Eggleton Benjamin, Ju Arnold, Shi Qianqian, Nguyen Nam-Trung, Lim Chwee Teck, Cheng Wenlong
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2025 Jul 21;10(8):1517-1541. doi: 10.1039/d5nh00048c.
Wearable biosensors are gaining significant attention for their ability to monitor vital health signs remotely, continuously, and non-invasively. Nanomaterials offer transformative potential for next-generation soft wearable sensors, enabling seamless skin integration with enhanced comfort and data accuracy. Wet chemistry provides a scalable, cost-effective approach to producing nanomaterials, transforming rigid sensors into soft, flexible, and stretchable devices for broader wearable applications. This review highlights recent advances in soft wearable biosensors based on wet chemically produced nanomaterials, including metals, carbons, conducting polymers, conductive hydrogels, and liquid metals. It discusses fabrication techniques such as conductive ink formulation, ink delivery, electroless coating, and fiber integration, along with applications in physiological, physical, and biochemical monitoring. The review concludes by addressing challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the potential of these sensors in revolutionizing medical technology and personalized healthcare.
可穿戴生物传感器因其能够远程、连续且无创地监测重要健康体征而备受关注。纳米材料为下一代柔软可穿戴传感器带来了变革潜力，可实现与皮肤的无缝集成，提高舒适度和数据准确性。湿化学为生产纳米材料提供了一种可扩展、经济高效的方法，能将刚性传感器转变为柔软、灵活且可拉伸的设备，以用于更广泛的可穿戴应用。本综述重点介绍了基于湿化学制备的纳米材料（包括金属、碳、导电聚合物、导电水凝胶和液态金属）的柔软可穿戴生物传感器的最新进展。它讨论了诸如导电油墨配方、油墨输送、化学镀和纤维集成等制造技术，以及在生理、物理和生化监测方面的应用。综述最后探讨了挑战和机遇，强调了这些传感器在革新医疗技术和个性化医疗保健方面的潜力。
