Wu Kevin Y, Su Meihua E, Kim Yeonsu, Nguyen Louis, Marchand Michael, Tran Simon D
Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2025;215:101-154. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.05.011. Epub 2025 May 21.
Wearable biosensors are revolutionizing the landscape of modern healthcare by enabling continuous, non-invasive monitoring and real-time diagnostics across a myriad of medical applications. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of wearable biosensors, beginning with an exploration of their fundamental components, including biological elements, transducers, and electronic interfaces. It categorizes these devices based on the types of biological matrices they utilize, such as tears and saliva, and the nanomaterials and transduction mechanisms that underpin their functionality. Highlighting state-of-the-art advancements, the chapter delves into specific applications in ophthalmology and oral health, showcasing innovative tear-based sensors for monitoring intraocular pressure and glucose levels, as well as saliva-based devices for detecting oral diseases and systemic biomarkers. Through detailed examples, such as multifunctional contact lenses and smart mouthguards, the chapter illustrates the potential of these technologies to transform disease detection, health monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, it addresses the current challenges in wearable biosensor development, including issues of sensor accuracy, durability, and user comfort, while outlining future directions for research and integration into everyday healthcare practices. This chapter aims to provide readers with a thorough understanding of wearable biosensors' current state, innovations, and future potential in enhancing health and wellness monitoring.
可穿戴生物传感器正在彻底改变现代医疗保健的格局，它能够在众多医疗应用中实现连续、无创监测和实时诊断。本章全面概述了可穿戴生物传感器，首先探讨其基本组成部分，包括生物元件、换能器和电子接口。本章根据它们所利用的生物基质类型（如眼泪和唾液）以及支撑其功能的纳米材料和传感机制对这些设备进行分类。本章突出了最先进的进展，深入探讨了在眼科和口腔健康方面的具体应用，展示了用于监测眼压和血糖水平的基于眼泪的创新传感器，以及用于检测口腔疾病和全身生物标志物的基于唾液的设备。通过多功能隐形眼镜和智能护齿器等详细示例，本章阐述了这些技术在改变疾病检测、健康监测和个性化治疗策略方面的潜力。此外，本章还讨论了可穿戴生物传感器开发目前面临的挑战，包括传感器准确性、耐用性和用户舒适度等问题，同时概述了未来的研究方向以及融入日常医疗保健实践的情况。本章旨在让读者全面了解可穿戴生物传感器在加强健康监测方面的现状、创新及未来潜力。
