Deng Yi, Yamauchi Katsuya, Song Peipei, Karako Takashi
Graduate School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2025 May 31;14(2):93-108. doi: 10.5582/irdr.2025.01026.
Frailty is an independent risk factor linked to a higher likelihood of various diseases. With limited healthcare resources worldwide - especially in developing countries - the factors that contribute to frailty need to be understood across different populations and a universal model needs to be developed. This could help reduce the burden on healthcare systems and lessen the negative health effects of frailty. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the key factors influencing frailty and its impact on disease outcomes in different countries. The goal is to facilitate the development of strategies that can help prevent or even reverse frailty. Studies were included if they examined physical frailty using validated assessment tools in older adults and explored how various factors affect its development and progression. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted from March 1 to March 31, 2024 using the keywords "vulnerability" and "influencing factors." Studies published between January 1, 2001, and March 31, 2025 were considered. A total of 1,614 articles were initially identified, with 50 studies ultimately meeting the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that frailty is influenced by a wide range of interrelated risk and protective factors, which in turn have various effects on different disease outcomes. These interconnected factors highlight both the complexity and the potential for targeted intervention. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors associated with frailty in older adults across diverse settings and underscores the urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based frailty model to facilitate the early identification, prevention, and possibly reversal of frailty.
衰弱是一个与多种疾病发生可能性较高相关的独立风险因素。鉴于全球医疗资源有限——尤其是在发展中国家——需要了解不同人群中导致衰弱的因素，并开发一个通用模型。这有助于减轻医疗系统的负担，并减少衰弱对健康的负面影响。本综述旨在总结当前关于影响衰弱的关键因素及其对不同国家疾病结局影响的证据。目标是促进制定有助于预防甚至逆转衰弱的策略。如果研究使用经过验证的评估工具对老年人的身体衰弱进行了检查，并探讨了各种因素如何影响其发展和进程，则纳入这些研究。于2024年3月1日至3月31日使用关键词“脆弱性”和“影响因素”对PubMed数据库进行了全面检索。考虑了2001年1月1日至2025年3月31日期间发表的研究。最初确定了1614篇文章，最终有50项研究符合预定义的纳入和排除标准。研究结果表明，衰弱受到广泛的相互关联的风险和保护因素的影响，这些因素反过来又对不同的疾病结局产生各种影响。这些相互关联的因素凸显了其复杂性以及进行有针对性干预的潜力。该综述全面了解了不同环境中与老年人衰弱相关的因素，并强调迫切需要开发一个强大的、基于证据的衰弱模型，以促进衰弱的早期识别、预防以及可能的逆转。
