Nakhleh Hamza, Samuel Fatokun Boluwatife, Nakyanzi Hamiidah, Mshaymesh Sarah, Wellington Jack, Uwishema Olivier
Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Kigali, Rwanda.
The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, University of Jordan Amman, Jordan.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Mar 20;87(6):3388-3392. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003188. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face many challenges, with surgical site infection (SSI) considered a major health issue concerning its communities. The higher incidence of SSI in comparison to international standards highlights the issue further and advances efforts to develop all-encompassing remedies. With a frequency of up to 41.9% in Tanzania compared to 2.5% in Europe, prompt solutions are warranted. This issue has developed as a result of a dearth of resources, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, inconsistent application of the recommendations, and ineffective data gathering methodologies.
A comprehensive search of the literature pertaining to the epidemiology, associated risk factors, and challenges attributed to the control of SSIs in SSA was performed employing electronic databases like that of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Published articles discussing these topics were reviewed and evaluated for their contribution to the topic of SSI in SSA then the relevant data were referenced.
There is a significant disparity between SSA and the industrialized world in terms of the occurrence of SSIs. The lack of resources, comprising insufficient clinical infrastructure and financial constraints, is a barrier to the implementation of SSI prevention strategies. Furthermore, it was observed that a large proportion of the medical workforce in nations belonging to SSA disregarded sterilization protocols. In addition, inadequate data collation causes the field to provide inadequate feedback, which raises the risk of SSIs. However, there are approaches that are thought to successfully lower the risk of SSIs. It is essential to utilize gold standard sterilizing procedures. These include pressurized wound irrigation, antimicrobial-coated sutures, perioperative blood glucose regulation, and the administration of chlorhexidine gluconate combined with alcohol-based skin preparation. Further, obtaining external means of funding from global organizations may be considered as a solution to issues regarding resource deprivation.
撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的医疗系统面临诸多挑战，手术部位感染（SSI）被视为关乎其社区的一个重大健康问题。与国际标准相比，SSI的较高发病率进一步凸显了这一问题，并推动了全面补救措施的开发。在坦桑尼亚，SSI的发生率高达41.9%，而在欧洲为2.5%，因此需要迅速找到解决方案。这个问题的出现是由于资源匮乏、医疗基础设施不足、建议的应用不一致以及数据收集方法无效。
利用PubMed/MEDLINE和谷歌学术等电子数据库，对与SSA地区SSI的流行病学、相关风险因素以及控制SSI所面临的挑战相关的文献进行了全面检索。对讨论这些主题的已发表文章进行了综述和评估，以确定它们对SSA地区SSI主题的贡献，然后引用了相关数据。
在SSI的发生方面，SSA与工业化国家之间存在显著差异。缺乏资源，包括临床基础设施不足和资金限制，是实施SSI预防策略的障碍。此外，据观察，SSA地区国家的很大一部分医疗人员无视消毒规程。此外，数据整理不足导致该领域提供的反馈不足，这增加了SSI的风险。然而，有一些方法被认为可以成功降低SSI的风险。使用金标准消毒程序至关重要。这些措施包括加压伤口冲洗、抗菌涂层缝线、围手术期血糖调节以及使用葡萄糖酸氯己定与酒精基皮肤准备联合使用。此外，可以考虑从全球组织获得外部资金，以解决资源匮乏问题。
