Liu Junping, Gao Feiran, Wang Danting, Zhou Ruixue, Huang Chunyan
Department of Blood Transfusion, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Department of Blood Transfusion, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Oncol Res. 2025 May 29;33(6):1323-1334. doi: 10.32604/or.2024.059113. eCollection 2025.
Exosomes (EXOs) play an important role in the progression of breast cancer. EXOs, with a diameter of approximately 100 nm, have a simple structure but diverse functions, and can affect the development of breast cancer through signal transduction and molecular transfer, etc. Angiogenesis provides nutrients for the growth and metastasis of breast cancer and is a crucial part of tumor progression. The mechanism of tumor angiogenesis is complex. The VEGF/VEGFR pathway promotes angiogenesis by regulating the activities of ECs. Hypoxia, a common feature in the tumor microenvironment, as a key regulator, can affect angiogenesis in multiple aspects such as the transfer of miRNAs in EXOs, protein transport, extracellular matrix regulation, and metabolic adaptation. The Notch pathway has a bidirectional regulatory role in breast cancer angiogenesis, and different molecules can promote or inhibit angiogenesis. EXOs secreted by breast cancer cells are rich in angiogenic factors. Components such as proteins and nucleic acids in EXOs can affect the functions and behaviors of vascular ECs, thereby influencing breast cancer angiogenesis. Research on the mechanisms of EXOs in breast cancer angiogenesis is of great significance for tumor treatment. EXOs are expected to become biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis/prognosis. This research provides potential targets for in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of breast cancer and the development of new treatment strategies.
外泌体（EXOs）在乳腺癌进展中发挥重要作用。外泌体直径约为100纳米，结构简单但功能多样，可通过信号转导和分子转移等影响乳腺癌的发展。血管生成可为乳腺癌的生长和转移提供营养，是肿瘤进展的关键部分。肿瘤血管生成机制复杂。VEGF/VEGFR途径通过调节内皮细胞（ECs）的活性促进血管生成。缺氧是肿瘤微环境的一个常见特征，作为关键调节因子，可在多个方面影响血管生成，如外泌体中微小RNA（miRNAs）的转移、蛋白质运输、细胞外基质调节和代谢适应。Notch途径在乳腺癌血管生成中具有双向调节作用，不同分子可促进或抑制血管生成。乳腺癌细胞分泌的外泌体富含血管生成因子。外泌体中的蛋白质和核酸等成分可影响血管内皮细胞的功能和行为，从而影响乳腺癌血管生成。研究外泌体在乳腺癌血管生成中的机制对肿瘤治疗具有重要意义。外泌体有望成为乳腺癌诊断/预后的生物标志物。本研究为深入了解乳腺癌生物学特性和开发新治疗策略提供了潜在靶点。
